For the correct execution of the report on the practice passed, there are strict developed standards - GOST. At the same time, general requirements, the procedure for drawing up various established forms in the report (tables, figures, etc.) are defined in the standard number 7.32-2001. Here are the features that relate specifically to how a fully prepared research report should look like.
When preparing each paragraph of the work, use:
The entire final document must be numbered in the general order, starting from the first page.
Sections of the work are also numbered in order of priority, but appendices used should not be numbered. Sections and subsections are subject to numbering, as well as, if available, paragraphs and subparagraphs, for example: “1 Section”, “1.1 Subsection”, “2.1.1 Paragraph”, “2.1.1.3 Subparagraph”.
It is unacceptable to wrap words when writing the title of the topic of the report and all its sections. Do not put a dot at the end.
In the design of these headings, the use of the provided options for using the existing font is allowed, - bold, italic, uppercase or lowercase text.
Between the sections available in the report, an indent of one clean line is set.
It is possible that within one of specified points, an enumeration is required. They operate in the following order:
Each item is preceded by a hyphen and, as appropriate, by lowercase letters. Difficult to write and read (e, s, d, o - not to be confused with zero, b, s, b) are not used.
- _____________,
- _____________,
- _____________.
A) ____________,
b) _____________,
1) _____________,
2) _____________,
V) _____________,
e) _____________.
For footnotes, their location is set at the end of the page where they are indicated, the font is the same, but the size is reduced to 10. The indent is paragraph.
The pagination is the same as for other types of scientific papers - end-to-end using Arabic numerals. No dots, dashes or other icons are required.
The title page of the report on the practice is always number one, this is with regard to the numbering of the work. And that figure is not put on it. So it is established in GOST.
Each subsequent element of the work - introduction, main part, sections, subsections - up to the list of sources, should start from scratch.
When designing the content, it is necessary to use only generally accepted terms, designations and definitions of the scientific and technical direction established by regulatory documents. If it is important to perform exactly the abbreviation that is not accepted in the general sense, then it must be justified immediately, in the course of writing the text.
The use of tables in the work allows you to more clearly use various kinds of digital material. Also, the table allows you to more conveniently compare various indicators.
GOST has identified a number of requirements that must be met for tables in a practice report.
It is issued in accordance with GOST 7.1-84. As for the design features of this section in documents related to research work, clarification can be found in GOST 7.32-2001.
It is difficult to overestimate the correctness of the report on the practice performed. If you are not careful enough, you may simply not pass the protection. And then, the sanctions of the teaching staff can be the most unpredictable, from a low grade, to the requirement to take an internship (usually - instead of summer holidays)!
Abstracts and tests are individual assignments, which are considered as an independent type of written work.
Individual tasks in individual disciplines are performed by students independently under the guidance of a teacher, and contain 25-30 pages of typewritten text. The subject of individual assignments must meet the objectives of the discipline.
Individual tasks are carried out in order to consolidate and deepen the knowledge gained by full-time students.
It should be noted that in correspondence and distance learning, tests are the main form of monitoring students' knowledge. The main purpose of the control work is to control the assimilation of educational material by students in this discipline.
To fulfill individual tasks (abstracts and control works) are subject to the following requirements:
The structure of abstracts and examinations should contain:
The following requirements are imposed on the design of abstracts and examinations:
For an individual assignment, use the following materials :
1. Formatting large documents in Word 2003 as outlined in E-book:
2. Formatting large documents in Word 2007:
3. Sample abstracts:
Sample essay for full-time students on the course Computer networks and telecommunications: referat - Download
A sample essay for full-time students in the course Economic Informatics: referat - Download
A sample test for students of distance and correspondence courses in the course Computer networks and telecommunications: Kontrol_rabota -
Sections between the introduction and conclusion are numbered in Arabic numerals with a dot after the number.
Examples of numbering sections and subsections can be seen in this manual.
Enumerations in the text are denoted in various ways:
a) a hyphen, such as on page 9;
The text of each paragraph begins with a lowercase letter. Each item, except the last one, ends with a semicolon. The last paragraph ends with a dot.
Styles for bulleted enumeration - Mark, for numbered - Enumeration 1.
Two-level enumerations are allowed, the second level has the style Enumeration 2.
Tables and figures are numbered sequentially by continuous numbering within the work.
The titles of figures and tables are formatted as they are in this book.
To create names for tables, drawings of formulas and applications with numbers, in the right place (under the figure; above the table, behind the formula, before the application) add the appropriate name using Word (Professional tab, Insert group, Add name button). The title text can be entered both in the title creation window and afterwards. Then the title style is set.
Table title row style – Table title.
Picture Title Line Style – Picture Title.
Application title string style - Application name.
The formula number is in parentheses on the same line as the formula; the style of the entire row is Formula. Sample - formula (1) on page 14.
Links to the above objects (more precisely, to their names that must be previously created) are entered into the text after the creation of the corresponding objects and their names and have the form "... shown in Figure 3 ...", "... given in the table 5 …".
To enter object numbers in the place where the cursor is located, use the Fields group on the Profi tab.
Then, by pressing one of the buttons (insert the number of a table, figure, formula or application), select the desired number in the list.
After adding titles, you need to update the document fields again!
Applications that should be at the end of the work are placed and numbered in the order of references to them in the main text. Numbering is made in Russian or Latin letters.
If you want to enter text for the application name on the next page, separate the number and name by typing the Shift+Enter key combination.
Page numbers are placed in the middle of the footer.
Pages of the course project, course work, abstract, report on laboratory work numbered as follows:
Abstract - page 2 (number is not put);
The pagination in the appendix continues the numbering of the entire work.
The pages of the bachelor's work, diploma project (work), master's thesis are numbered as follows:
The title page is considered page 1 (no number is put);
Task - page 2 (number is not set);
Abstract - page 3, its reverse side - page 4; the text of the abstract in a foreign language can be placed here (the number is not put);
The work has two sections. The section break is located at the bottom of the abstract page and is visible in the non-printing character display mode. Section 1 has no page numbers. In section 2, the numbering is given by the actual page number. Therefore, the page number where the content begins depends on the number of pages in section 1.
Before printing, all headers and footers must be checked again and, if necessary, corrected.
The design of a term paper is an important and necessary component of the entire study. First of all, it is intended to present your work in at its best and help the inspectors (members of the examination committee) to verify the effectiveness of all the student's activities, when studying the issue and generating a report on scientific work entirely.
Pages are numbered, which is necessary for:
Easy and convenient navigation through theme pages,
The ability to quickly find a particular page that contains some important and undoubtedly useful information and data for understanding the issue,
Self-control of the performer, which allows you to adhere to a clear structure in the process of completing the task.
Below is the basic structure of the "skeleton" of a typical coursework:
1. Title page (any design activity begins with it). Data and indicators are indicated in accordance with the rules and requirements specified in GOST and available samples. Important: the title page is always page number one, but what you also need to know and remember is that it is not numbered. But on all subsequent pages, the numbers indicating the assigned number must be required!
2. Table of contents - also drawn up in accordance with GOST, page numbers for the introductory, main, final part (also chapters and paragraphs, other individual elements of a single document) are indicated here. If the topic fits on one page, it is indicated in the content. If, however, several pages are needed to reveal the topic, to present one’s view on the questions posed, only the range of these pages will be indicated in the content.
(For example:
Chapter 2: Basics of the production activities of large industrial holdings ...... 25-34)
3. Introduction. The numbering of the introductory part is made immediately after the content or table of contents. As a rule, to write an introduction to the diploma, it is necessary to allocate from two to four pages. All of them are numbered in the order in which the section is written. The range indicated in the table of contents should match the number of pages allotted for the introductory part of the scientific work.
4. The main part. As a rule, in the structure of the main part there are constituent elements, such as chapters, paragraphs, sections and subsections. All these parts of the diploma work, as a rule, are written on several pages. The table of contents also lists only the range of each of the above parts. All pages are numbered sequentially in accordance with established rules.
5. Conclusion. The requirements for the numbering of the final part remain unchanged.
6. List of sources of information (literature used). The correct execution of this list, as well as the literature used, must also comply with the requirements set forth in GOST. The rules for numbering here are performed in order of priority - after the conclusion on the topic.
7. Applications. If necessary and provided, in the course text there is space for another section - applications. This section has a place at the end of any scientific work - from the abstract - to the graduation project. Performing the final formation of the reporting document, it is necessary to understand and realize the importance of a beautiful and competent design of the title. All information indicated on it must be perfectly accurate, verified, concise, and, of course, error-free.
The numbering of the second and subsequent pages is carried out at the top of each sheet (number 2 is affixed), after which the table of contents should be placed and the names of chapters and other individual parts of the document should be accurately and accurately indicated.
How the text itself is formatted The document is printed using only one side of the sheet, the second remains blank (one-sided printing - this is the format that should be set to the printer). Paper is used, standard A-4, the most common and almost constantly used for the design of such projects. The paper size is strictly defined: A-4, height 297mm, width 210mm. Margins: left - 30 mm, right - 15 mm, bottom 20 mm, top - 20 mm (the indent must be counted from the page number). The spacing between lines is applied: in this case, the main text has a height of 15 mm, and to highlight the red line, an indent is made - 12.5 mm. The standard standard for the font is the well-known Times New Roman, its size is 14 pt. How to number sections and pages For pagination, standard Arabic numerals are used, which are used everywhere, including in our country. The principle of the so-called end-to-end numbering is used - also a generally accepted requirement, which, by the way, is approved by the relevant GOST. The number is indicated at the bottom of the sheet in its middle, font number ten is used. It is not numbered, and we have already sent about this, only the title page. All other pages of the work are subject to accounting in the specified order. This requirement also applies to diagrams, tables, graphs, etc. The main part of the work consists of sections, subsections, chapters, paragraphs, paragraphs and subparagraphs. They are numbered (except for the introduction, conclusion, list of references, applications) with Arabic numerals. Sections and subsections should also have their own headings. In this case, the word "section" does not need to be written. Section headings, Introduction, Conclusion, Table of Contents, References, Applications are placed in the middle of the line without a dot at the end of the terms, separated from the text by three line intervals. Each chapter should start from scratch.
Summing up
Knowing and being able to properly arrange the work is at least half the success. Stick to our patterns and you will be able to achieve a good result in doing the job.
Page numbering in the diploma according to GOST 2018, as well as other components of the design of such a study, is an important part of it. First of all, the design of the project according to the standard rules is designed to make the work look neat, in addition, it serves to ensure that the members of the examination committee can quickly and easily deal with all aspects of the work. Also, inspectors can, on this basis, evaluate how effective the student's activity was during the reporting period.
So, why do we need page numbering in the diploma according to GOST 2018? Let's list.
2) Opportunities quick search one page or another, where the data of interest to the student or teacher are indicated;
3) Self-control of the performer, which is an important component of effective activity.
If for some reason a student does not have the opportunity to independently delve into all the nuances of completing a graduation project, this can be very easily avoided in the modern world. How? Order a thesis paper drawn up in accordance with all the rules and GOST on our portal. Qualified and experienced authors will prepare student research in any academic discipline as soon as possible.
The page numbering in the diploma according to GOST 2018 is end-to-end and is affixed on all pages of each structural element.
Any design activity, as you know, begins with a title. On this first sheet of the diploma, information about the university, faculty and department, information about the type and topic of the work, data about the author and his supervisor are indicated. The title page in the diploma is page number 1. But you need to remember that the title page is not numbered.
The design of the second page, the table of contents, according to GOST also implies the absence of the number 2 on it. The table of contents indicates the numbers of sheets for the introduction, main sections, subsections and paragraphs, conclusion, list of references and applications. If one structural element fits on one page, then its number is indicated, if it is located on several sheets, the range is indicated.
For example:
Chapter 1. Theoretical basis Banking in Russia…………………..9-17
The page numbering starts with the introduction. As a rule, this structural part of the diploma takes 2-5 pages. All of them are subject to numbering in the sequence of writing the text. The range indicated in the table of contents must match the number of sheets allotted for the introductory element of scientific work.
In the structure of the main text, there are usually smaller parts - paragraphs or subsections. The table of contents also lists the range of each.
The pages of the conclusion, list of references and appendices are numbered in the same way in the table of contents.
For example:
List of used sources and literature…………….87-90.
The numbering of the diploma pages, starting with the number 3, is carried out in the header or footer without putting a dot after the page number. The numbering of pages in the diploma in accordance with GOST 2018 is made in Arabic numerals (Roman numerals are allowed only in the numbering of chapters, and even then not in all higher educational institutions).
The diploma work is printed in black ink on one side of an A4 sheet (size 297x210 mm).
Margins for text should be equal to the following indicators:
Times New Roman is the standard font that has been used in graduation theses for many years now. The reason for its popularity lies in the fact that Times is unmistakably and without distortion recognized by all existing computer programs.
