The computer user must know everything about it. This is necessary not only to improve the status of an experienced user, but also for cases when you need to find, for example, drivers for a video card or processor. This article will help you figure out how to find out information about a Linux system.
The host name in Linux is often needed when entering any parameters in configuration files systems. If you have such a need, then the easiest way to accomplish this task is to use the following command:
hostname
Immediately after its execution, the name of your machine will be displayed in the "Terminal". There is a second way to accomplish the task. The point is that the name is in the hostname file. It can be viewed by running the command:
cat /etc/hostname
In the case of the server in the "Terminal" you can find it Domain name by issuing the following command:
dnsdomainname
IN operating system linux information information about the computer can also be viewed in the "Terminal". At the same time, the desired result can be achieved different ways for example by running one of these commands:
sudo dmidecode -s system-serial-number #serial number sudo dmidecode -s system-manufacturer #manufacturer sudo dmidecode -s system-product-name #product name
If you want to get all the information at once, then run another command:
Sudo dmidecode | more
You can also use the lshw utility to get the desired result. However, it is worth noting that it is not installed in all Linux distributions. To use it, run the following commands:
sudo lshw | more sudo lshw -short
As you can see, to obtain information about the system in Linux commands fit best. So in the case when you need to clarify the characteristics of the processor. To do this, run one of these commands:
Cat /proc/cpuinfo lscpu
If there is a need to find out the workload of this component, then the following utility will come to the rescue:
Sudo mpstat
It is worth noting that it is not installed in all operating systems, so first install it through the "Terminal".
Among all the above information about the system in Linux, you can also learn about RAM. If you need to view the statistics of its use, then run:
Less /proc/meminfo
If you want to get information in a more compact form, then resort to using the following commands:
Free -m #in megabytes free -g #in gigabytes free -h #in readable form
lsb_release -a
The kernel is also an integral part of any system, and information about it is no less important, especially when adding any add-ons. There are two commands to display this data:
uname -r #brief information uname -a #full information
At some point, suspicions of incorrect work may creep in hard drive, in which case just a few commands will help you learn more about this computer component. For example, to see all connected solid state drives, you need to run this command:
fdisk -l | grep "^/dev"
Having decided on all the disks and having learned their names, you can see more detailed information:
Fdisk -l /dev/sda #show disk partitions e2label /dev/sda #show disk label
If you want to see everything at once, and even make some adjustments if necessary, then the cfdisk program is best suited. It is easy to run it, just enter the name in the "Terminal".
Linux would be incomplete without taking into account all the components of a computer and the devices connected to it. For more information, for example about sound card, processor, video card and interfaces, just run one of these commands:
lspci lspci -vvvn | less lspci -vt lspci | grep -i "device_name"
If you want to learn more directly about the devices connected to the desktop, then it is best to use these commands:
lsusb lsusb -vt
The Internet has already entered our lives tightly, but on Linux, setting it up can be a problem. So that you do not encounter difficulties in the process of entering all the necessary parameters into the configuration files, familiarize yourself with the characteristics of your network adapter. This can be done through the already familiar lspci command, however, the information output will be minimal. It's better to use one of these:
Iwconfig watch -n 1 cat /proc/net/wireless wavemon iw list
Video games are also an integral part of the life of a PC user, so no computer is complete without a video chip. And in order, for example, to install the correct drivers, you must at least know its model. The entire list of characteristics of this component can be found in the output of these commands:
lspci | grep -i vga lspci -vvnn | grep VGA
Alternatively, you can use the following line:
sudo lshw -class display
However, the information about the Linux system obtained from the above commands is superficial. You can find out much more if you take into account the manufacturer of the product. So, if you have a video card from NVIDIA, then run one of these commands in the "Terminal":
nvidia-smi nvidia-settings
We should also not forget about video cards from AMD, because they also cover a large layer of the market. To find out their characteristics, run this command:
Fglrxinfo
Now you know how to get system information in Linux. It can also be noted that everything is done quite simply, especially since you don’t even need to install any software- everything is carried out in the "Terminal".
Not all users memorize the components of their computer, as well as other system details, so the ability to view system information in the OS must be present. Platforms developed in the Linux language also have such facilities. Next, we will try to describe in as much detail as possible about the available methods for viewing the necessary information, taking as an example latest version popular Ubuntu OS. In other Linux distributions, this procedure can be carried out in exactly the same way.
Today we offer to get acquainted with two different methods of finding the required system information. Both of them work on slightly different algorithms and also have a different concept. Because of this, each option will be most useful to different users.
The method using the Hardinfo program is suitable for novice users and all those who do not want to get involved in work in "Terminal". Nevertheless, even the installation of additional software is not complete without launching the console, so you have to turn to it for the sake of one command.
As you can see, Hardinfo is a kind of assembly of all commands from the console, implemented through a graphical interface. That is why this method greatly simplifies and speeds up the process of finding the necessary information.
Built in ubuntu console provides unlimited possibilities for the user. Thanks to the commands, you can perform actions with programs, files, manage the system, and much more. There are utilities that allow you to find out the information of interest through "Terminal". Let's consider everything in order.
sudo dmidecode -s system-serial-number
sudo dmidecode -s system-manufacturer
sudo dmidecode -s system-product-name
Of course, the list of all available commands does not end there, but above we tried to talk about the most basic and useful ones that can be useful to the average user. If you are interested in options for obtaining specific information about the system or computer, please refer to the official documentation of the distribution you are using.
You can choose the most appropriate method for searching for system information - use the classic console, or use a program with an implemented GUI. If in your Linux distribution there are any problems with the software or commands, carefully study the text of the error and find a solution or hints in the official documentation.
Greetings to all!
In this article I will tell you how to view information about the system, find out what processes (programs) are running, what kind of load they create on the computer. And also how to quickly find files and folders in the system, if you need to clear disk space.
In order to view all the information about the computer and the system in Windows, you need to install the Aida64 program. How to do this, we considered in our article How to get complete information about computer devices using Aida64!
In Ubuntu, all this is already there by default in the system. To view this information, open a terminal and run the following command.
To obtain additional privileges, you must enter the user password and press the "Enter" key on the keyboard.
Let's add a little to the previous command.
sudo lshw -html > system_info.html
And the system_info.html file appeared in the home directory, which we can view in any Internet browser.
Having opened given file, we see information about the system in a convenient way.
View running processes on the system, CPU, memory and network usage. All this information can be viewed in the System Monitor. To open, click on the icon in the upper left corner of the "Search on computer ..." screen. IN search line Enter "gnome-system" and select the "System Monitor" program by clicking the left mouse button.
In the window that opens, we see running processes.
To sort processes by the load created on the processor, you need to left-click on the "% CPU" field.
On the "Resources" tab, we see information on the use of the processor, memory and network presented in graphical form.
On the tab " File systems» we see information on the disks used in the system. And how many percent they are used.
For more detailed information on the location of files in folders on the disk, as well as to answer the question "Who took all the space?".
Let's use another program "Disk Usage Analyzer". In the search box, enter "disk" and select the "Disk Usage Analyzer" program by clicking the left mouse button.
Let's analyze the files in our user's home folder. Select it by clicking on it with the left mouse button.
In the right part of the window that opens, we see all the files and folders located in our user's home folder.
The Downloads folder is 77.2 MB. We see the same information in graphical form in the right part of the window. If we need to free up disk space, then open the folder in Nautilus and after deleting junk files back to the Disk Usage Analyzer. And to update the information, click the update button in the upper right corner.
In the following .cache folder, we can see that it is 55MB.
ATTENTION!
Folders whose names start with a dot are hidden and are not visible in Nautilus Explorer by default. And deleting any information from them may cause them to stop working. installed programs. Therefore, if you are not sure, then it is better not to delete any of them.
Therefore, we will not delete the files and folders stored in it.
For further analysis and quick search we can quickly view the name of the folder and its size by hovering over the block of interest in the pie chart.
We looked at system information, running processes (programs). And also figured out how to work with the Disk Usage Analyzer program. And if there are incomprehensible questions on this topic and there are suggestions, then I ask you to write them in the comments. Bye everyone!
If you have a need to find out what is hidden from your eyes inside the computer under Linux control(we will consider methods that work in Linux Mint and Ubuntu), then doing it is no more difficult than in Windows, and sometimes even easier. To do this, there are several methods that we propose to consider in this article.
Let's start with the most familiar method for an ordinary inexperienced with all the delights of the OS linux user. Let's imagine that you switched to Linux relatively recently, and have not completely lost the habit of Windows that you are used to.
On Windows, to get detailed information about the hardware, users typically use special programs, such as AIDA64 and similar. We assure you that Linux is not deprived in this respect. Although it does not have such a variety of such programs, there are definitely those that will provide you with a complete report on the configuration of your computer.
One such program is HardInfo (after installation, it appears in the menu as System Profiler and Benchmark). With this utility, you can get the most complete picture of the hardware "stuffing" of your computer hiding from you. You can install it from your distribution's repository.
HardInfo program in Linux Mint 18 Sarah Mate
The program in an accessible graphical form presents the main points on which you can get information. You just need to click on the desired icon and the program will display the main characteristics of the system.
hard info. Information about the memory installed in the computer.
The program also provides for the creation of a report in html format, which you can then view in the browser. To do this, you need to click "Generate Report", select the items for which you want to see the report and wait for the result.
HTML report generated in the HardInfo program.
For all its good points, HardInfo presents meager results than what you'd get from using the terminal and a few commands.
Let's start with the utility lshw To install it, you need to enter in the terminal: sudo apt-get install lshw After installation, in order to find out the characteristics of the system, just enter the command in the terminal sudo lshw
Result sudo commands lshw in terminal.
As you can see the list is very long. To shorten it, you can enter the command sudo lshw -short The list will be shorter and more compact.
Result of sudo lshw -short command in terminal.
There is also another variation of this command, which will allow you to view the full list, but at the same time you will load it as needed: sudo lshw|more
This is what the result looks like after entering the command in the terminal sudo lshw|more (now you only need to press the Enter key and read the output).
To generate a report in html format, you need to enter the command lshw -html > hardware.html (in this case, the report will be saved in the user's folder - in the one where the Downloads, Music, etc. folders are located).
It should be mentioned that there is a /proc/ folder in the system, which also contains information about the hardware component of your computer. For example, here are a few commands related to it, which, when typed in the terminal, will display the information of interest to us:
cat /proc/cpuinfo- displays information about the processor
cat /proc/meminfo- display information about RAM
cat /proc/partitions- displays information about hard disk partitions
We hope that this information will help you lift the veil of the inner world of your Linux PC.
How to find out the characteristics of a computer in Linux? updated: January 21, 2017 by: Maxim Ivanov
