Users, unlike testers and enthusiasts, are always conservative. Linux users are no exception. This is especially noticeable not in working environments, but in specific application programs, “loyalty” to which remains for a very long time.
It is explained simply. Working environment- an element, although important, but essentially auxiliary. Main user tool - application program. The user can for some time put up with an inconvenient method of launching applications personally for him or an unpleasant icon color. But if in some new text editor habitual for him do not work keyboard shortcuts, then there will be no transition to it.
This, in turn, can create problems for migrants. Without the burden of the past behind them, they choose objectively best tools, but thereby limit the ability of experienced users to give them some advice. By the way, this is often observed in practice and is perceived by some newcomers as the unfriendliness of veterans. Although their advice is actually quite sincere - they can help with setting up vim, but are practically unfamiliar with kate.
A significant number of experienced Linux users works with console file managers, preferring them to the more descriptive Dolphin or Nautilus. Although at the same time they exploit the desktops of KDE or GNOME.
Thus, even beginners should know what is commonly called a Linux classic. Including console file managers.
It is the most popular console file manager running on Linux. The program is included by default in a large number of distributions. A lot of documentation has already been compiled for it, so learning the rules for working with the application will not be difficult for users of different levels of training.
MC supports everything basic operations with files: copying, renaming, deleting, changing the owner and access rights, creating links, directories, etc. The program can work not only with local, but also with remote file systems via FTP and SSH access.
is in the program and additional features: working with archives, built-in search, viewing and editing files using its own MCEdit module. Thus, relatively complex operations can be performed in MC.
The interface of the file manager is the usual two-panel one. Its effectiveness has long been proven in practice.
The application is fully localized.
It's a console file manager. By default, its interface is three-panel: the first column displays a list of directories, the second - a list of files, and the third is for viewing files, including graphic formats. At the same time, all operations standard for programs of this type are supported, although not in the most obvious way.
However, the lack of visibility makes Ranger not very suitable for copy and move operations. The strengths of this application are navigation, search and browsing. Which is very helpful convenient system bookmarks.
Program customization is done through direct editing configuration file. This may seem inconvenient, although in practice everything is different due to the understandable structure of this file. The user can define the number of columns, sort order, status bar style, color scheme, etc.
Distributed under the terms of the GNU GPLv3.
This is a file manager that is most often called a clone of the famous FAR. Of course, experienced users will say that this is somewhat exaggerated, but nevertheless, the similarity is quite close, at least at the level of the most popular operations. In particular, the familiar Shift+F1 keyboard shortcut works exactly the same way.
Additional features of WCM Commander are serious enough even for advanced user: editor with syntax highlighting of the most common programming languages and the ability to change encodings, access to remote file systems via SMB and FTP/SFTP with the ability to launch files, history and input auto-completion, support for external color schemes etc.
The program is perfectly Russified, and much deeper than the interface items. In particular, the text search function allows you to use all the encodings of the Russian language at once.
Distributed under the MIT license.
This is a console file manager for Vim fans. Even the name of the program stands for Vi File Manager.
The main feature of vifm is vim style control. For example, to navigate through files, you can use not only the arrow keys, but also the “j” and “k” buttons, go to the last file in the current directory by pressing “G”, etc.
Vifm allows you to use directory and file labels to quickly jump to the right place by hot key. Searching in vifm is done in the same way as in vim - by pressing "/". The application has its own built-in commands: "com" to list custom commands, "marks" to show marks, "only" to hide the second column, etc.
Distributed under the terms of the GNU GPLv2.
It is an easy-to-use console file manager. By default, the program has a traditional two-pane view, although it can also work in single-pane mode.
Both externally and functionally, Last File Manager is very similar to Midnight Commander. At least a user who has mastered one program will not have problems with another - the same keys are responsible for the most popular operations.
Distributed under the terms of the GNU GPLv3.
Original: Midnight Commander - A Console Based File Manager for Linux
Author: Pungki Arianto
Publication date: October 23, 2013
Translation: A. Krivoshey
Transfer date: May 2013
If you have to work with a large number of files in a console environment, then you may find such work rather tedious. The graphical environment has file managers that help improve the speed of working with files. You don't have to remember the name and syntax of every file-related command.
In a console environment for working with files, you must know the basic commands and their syntax. Luckily, Linux also has a text-based file manager that runs in a console environment. He is called Midnight Commander (hereinafter we will simply call him MC).
The Midnight Commander website says:
"GNU Midnight Commander is a visual file manager distributed under the GPL and therefore qualifies as Free Software. It is a powerful, text-based, full-featured program that allows you to copy, move, and delete files and directories, search for files, and run shell commands .A built-in editor and file viewer are also included."
By default, MC is usually not installed. On Debian, Ubuntu and Linux Mint you can install it with apt-get command:
$ sudo apt-get install mc
On RHEL, CentOS and Fedora you can use the command:
# yum install mc
Once the installation is complete, simply type "mc" (without the quotes) in the console to run it.
MC has many useful features for both users and administrators.
The MC interface is divided into two columns independent of each other. Each column represents an active directory. You can switch between them with the Tab key. At the bottom of the screen, you can see buttons with numbers that refer to the function keys F1 - F10.
To copy a file from one directory to another, simply select it and press "F5". To copy several files at once, you must first select them using the "Insert" key.
MC will ask you for confirmation. To start copying, just click "OK".
Deleting files is even easier. Just select the files and press "F8". Moving files is done using the "F6" key.
However, renaming files is slightly different. By pressing the "F6" key, you need to enter a new file name. An example of how this is done is shown in the screenshot below.
You can press "F7" to create a directory. MC will create a new directory in the current one. To see what else MC can do with files, press "F9" > File.
[email protected]~ $Select an editor. To change later, run "select-editor". 1. /bin/ed 2. /bin/nano
Then, when you press the "F4" key, MC will use the text editor of your choice. If you want to change the default editor, just press "F2", you take "@" and type "select-editor" (without the quotes).
What if you want to use another text editor not detected by MC? Let's say you want to work with Vi. This can be done differently. Find the ".selected_editor" file in your home directory. This hidden file, so it starts with a dot. Edit it like this:
# Generated by /usr/bin/select-editor SELECTED_EDITOR="/usr/bin/vi"
Files and directories have permissions that specify who can read, write, and execute files and directories. The command for managing access rights is chmod. To learn how to use it, type "man chmod" in the terminal.
In MC you only need to highlight the file, then press "F9" > File > Chmod or "Ctrl-x" and "c". MS will show you the current permissions of the selected file and options that you can change.
Files and directories have their own owner, as well as the group of the owner. Owner privileges are controlled using the above chmod commands. Owners are managed with the chown command.
As usual, to learn how to use it, type "man chmod" in the terminal. In MC you just need to highlight the file, then press "F9" > File > Chown, or "Ctrl-x" and "o". Now you can set the owner and owner group from the list available users and groups.
MC also has an "Advanced Chown" feature, which is a combination of chmod and chown that allows you to do the two tasks described above in one place. Press "F9" > File > Advanced Chown.
By default, the MC has a two-panel interface. These panels are not just for local directories. You can connect them to a remote computer via FTP.
In this case, the MC acts as an FTP client. To connect you need to press "F9" > FTP Link. The MC will request connection data in the following format:
user: [email protected] _or_ip_address
If the entered data is correct, in one of the panels you will see a list of directories of the remote computer.
To disable the FTP connection, you can press "F9" > Command > Active VPS Link. You will see your FTP connection in the list of Active VFS directories. Select it and click "Free VFSs". If you just want to switch to a local directory without breaking the FTP connection, select "Change to".
If your network uses a proxy server, you can configure the MC to work with a proxy. Press "F9" > Options > Virtual FS > Always use ftp proxy.
To exit Midnight Command, press "F9" > File > Exit or "F10".
For a more detailed introduction to MC features, please visit the Midnight Commander FAQ.
All of us, both server administrators and users conventional computers very often we deal with files. It is important to work with files in an environment that is comfortable for us, as this process can take quite a long time. We often open, delete, move and rename files. Therefore, in this article, let's look at how to choose a file manager for Ubuntu. Ubuntu comes with Nautilus by default, but it may not suit everyone with its look and functionality, we will look at seven more different file managers, as well as how to install them.
Not everyone knows about the wide choice of file managers for Linux. Or they do not fully realize the capabilities of those programs that they know about. There are different file managers for Ubuntu and there are plenty of them, as well as other programs. Here are the most popular ones:
They are all excellent file managers. There are both simple and multifunctional ones. You can choose the file manager that suits your needs. Midnight Commander and Dolphin are my favorite file managers. I use them quite often.
All of these file managers can be customized to your liking. The most customizable are Krusader and Konqueror. Midnight Commander is the only file manager with a console interface, but it also has a lot of settings.
If you decide to change the ubuntu file manager to another one, this is not so difficult. Install the program you like, and tweak a few files to context menu worked with the new file manager.
And you need to fix the files:
/usr/share/applications/nautilus-home.desktop
/usr/share/applications/nautilus-computer.desktop
Replace lines:
TryExec=nautilus
Exec=nautilus
TryExec=file_manager
exec=file manager
And now the same in the file:
/usr/share/applications/nautilus-folder-handler.desktop
TryExec=file_manager
Exec=file_manager %U
In Kubuntu, the default file manager is configured in System Options. And now let's go directly to the review of file managers for Ubuntu.
Midnight Commander is a file manager with a command line interface (cli). It is especially useful when it is not possible to run graphical shell, but can also be used as the main file manager in GUI. It can be run in almost any command line shell and even in an SSH session.
You can run Midnight Commander from the command line by running:
The screenshot above shows Midnight Commander in one tab of the emulator Ubuntu terminal. User interface The program is divided into two panels, each of which displays the contents of a directory. The current directory is displayed at the top of each panel. Navigation is done using the arrow keys. The Enter key is used to open a folder.
At the very top of the program there is a menu with options for setting the program, left and right panels, as well as various operations for files. The bottom part of the window displays information about the selected file or directory, as well as a row of function keys. You can simply press the desired function key to quickly perform a particular action. Also here you can see the terminal line, for fast execution commands in the current directory.
You can install Midnight Commander with the command:
sudo apt-get install mc
Krusader is an exceptional file manager that uses Midnight Commander concepts in a graphical interface. It also uses a two-pane interface, but also supports many additional features. It supports navigation using the keyboard and, as usual, using the mouse.
Krusader also has two panels that display the contents of a directory, but there are also tabs that allow you to open multiple folders in one panel.
On each tab, you can set the file display mode. In the screenshot, the files are displayed in detailed mode- icon, name, size, creation date, owner and permissions.
There is also a menu at the top of the window, and a line of function keys and a terminal at the bottom. Krusader automatically saves the current directories and display settings, so when you open the program, you will return to the folders with which you closed it last time.
Useful features include support for FTP and samba protocols, which simplifies access to files on remote servers.
To install this best file ubuntu manager run:
sudo apt-get install krusader
It is important to note that it is written in Qt, and will pull with it the entire Qt and several KDE libraries.
Konqueror is another powerful file manager from standard set KDE. It has one interesting feature - in addition to accessing files, you can enter a url here and view Internet pages.
Another feature of this file manager is the ability to open several tabs, in each of which you can open a separate directory.
In the picture, the program window is divided into three parts on the right and a sidebar on the left. The directory tree sidebar is used for fast navigation by file system.
I especially like Konqueror's sidebar, which makes it easy to find the files you need, navigate the file system, and quickly remove unwanted directory trees.
The program's interface is similar to Krusader and Midnight Commander, but there is much less functionality. Instead of two standard tabs, here you can create multiple panels and place them as you wish. You can navigate through tabs and directories using both the keyboard and the mouse.
Here, too, the file display mode is configured for each separate tab but no autosave. But you can manually save the location and tabs that you want to run every time you start the program.
To install on Ubuntu, use the command:
sudo apt-get install konqueror
This is another great file manager in the style of Midnight Commander and Krusader. But this time it's based on the GTK library, which means it's great for those who want a great, feature-packed file manager and don't want to haul half of the KDE libraries into the system.
The interface is divided into two panels. Exceptional features include a built-in text editor, support for viewing files in HEX and binary formats, and support for working with archives. Various networking features are also supported here, such as connecting via Webdav, FTP, Samba.
To install, run the following commands:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexx2000/doublecmd
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install doublecmd-gtk
This is another file manager from KDE. Its interface is very similar to Konqueror, but more beautiful and functional. Here, too, it is possible to create several panels and tabs. There is also a sidebar with shortcuts quick access to the file system.
By default, only one panel opens, but nothing prevents you from adding another one and making Dolphin look like Krusader. But splitting panels like in Konqueror is not supported here.
Although tabs are supported here, they are not saved even after restarting the program, it starts with one tab in which your home folder is open.
Dolphin is installed with the command:
sudo apt-get install dolphin
Nautilus is the default in Ubuntu and couldn't help but say a few words about it. Here you can use there is support for multiple panels and tabs, there is also a sidebar with shortcuts. This is a simple and stable file manager, great for beginners because of its simplicity.
Navigation through the directories is carried out using the arrows on the keyboard or mouse. There are hot key combinations, but there are not as many of them as in Double Commander.
This is another lightweight and simple file manager. Perhaps even easier than Nautilus. It looks and works the same.
You can install it on Ubuntu with the command:
sudo apt-get install thunar
Another moderately simple Ubuntu file manager. Looks the same as the previous two. Supports tabs and most of the features for easy file handling.
On the left side of the screen there is a panel with a tree view of the file system, just like in Konqueror. This file manager contains great functionality and at the same time a very simple interface.
To install, run:
sudo apt-get install pcmanfm
This is one of the more interesting file managers. In its interface it includes many features from Nautilus, Thunar and PcManFm but at the same time it is much more flexible.
It is explained simply. The working environment is an element, although important, but essentially auxiliary. The main user tool is the application program. The user can for some time put up with an inconvenient method of launching applications personally for him or an unpleasant icon color. But if the keyboard shortcuts that are familiar to it do not work in some new text editor, then there will be no transition to it.
This, in turn, can create problems for migrants. Without the weight of the past behind them, they choose objectively the best tools, but thereby limit the ability of experienced users to give them any advice. By the way, this is often observed in practice and is perceived by some newcomers as the unfriendliness of veterans. Although their advice is actually quite sincere - they can help with setting up vim, but are practically unfamiliar with kate.
A significant proportion of experienced Linux users work with console file managers, preferring them to the more visual Dolphin or Nautilus. Although at the same time they exploit the desktops of KDE or GNOME.
Thus, even beginners should know what is commonly called a Linux classic. Including console file managers.
Console file midnight manager Commander
It is the most popular console file manager running on Linux. The program is included by default in a large number of distributions. A lot of documentation has already been compiled for it, so learning the rules for working with the application will not be difficult for users of different levels of training.
MC supports all basic file operations: copying, renaming, deleting, changing the owner and access rights, creating links, directories, etc. The program can work not only with local, but also with remote file systems via FTP and SSH access.
There are additional features in the program: working with archives, built-in search, viewing and editing files using its own MCEdit module. Thus, relatively complex operations can be performed in MC.
The interface of the file manager is the usual two-panel one. Its effectiveness has long been proven in practice.
The application is fully localized.
sudo apt-get install mc
Ranger console file manager
It's a console file manager. By default, its interface is three-panel: the first column displays a list of directories, the second - a list of files, and the third is for viewing files, including graphic formats. At the same time, all operations standard for programs of this type are supported, although not in the most obvious way.
However, the lack of visibility makes Ranger not very suitable for copy and move operations. The strengths of this application are navigation, search and browsing. This is facilitated by a convenient bookmarking system.
The program is configured by directly editing the configuration file. This may seem inconvenient, although in practice everything is different due to the understandable structure of this file. The user can define the number of columns, sort order, status bar style, color scheme, etc.
Distributed under the terms of the GNU GPLv3.
sudo apt-get install ranger
Console File Manager WCM Commander
This is a file manager that is most often called a clone of the famous FAR. Of course, experienced users will say that this is somewhat exaggerated, but nevertheless, the similarity is quite close, at least at the level of the most popular operations. In particular, the familiar Shift+F1 keyboard shortcut works exactly the same way.
Additional features of WCM Commander are quite serious even for an experienced user: an editor with syntax highlighting of the most common programming languages and the ability to change encodings, access to remote file systems via SMB and FTP / SFTP with the ability to run files, history and input auto-completion, support for external color schemes and etc.
The program is perfectly Russified, and much deeper than the interface items. In particular, the text search function allows you to use all the encodings of the Russian language at once.
Distributed under the MIT license.
Vifm console file manager
This is a console file manager for Vim fans. Even the name of the program stands for Vi File Manager.
The main feature of vifm is vim style control. For example, to navigate through files, you can use not only the arrow keys, but also the “j” and “k” buttons, go to the last file in the current directory by pressing “G”, etc.
Vifm allows you to use directory and file labels to quickly jump to the right place with a hotkey. Searching in vifm is done in the same way as in vim - by pressing "/". The application has its own built-in commands: "com" to list custom commands, "marks" to show marks, "only" to hide the second column, etc.
Distributed under the terms of the GNU GPLv2.
sudo apt-get install vifm
LFM console file manager
It is an easy-to-use console file manager. By default, the program has a traditional two-pane view, although it can also work in single-pane mode.
Both externally and functionally, Last File Manager is very similar to Midnight Commander. At least a user who has mastered one program will not have problems with another - the same keys are responsible for the most popular operations.
Distributed under the terms of the GNU GPLv3.
By analogy with Windows, Linux has a certain set of commands for the most convenient and fast work V operating system. But if in the first case we call the utility or perform an action from the “Command line” (cmd), then in the second system, actions are performed in the terminal emulator. In fact, "Terminal" And « Command line» - It is the same.
For those who have recently begun to get acquainted with the line of operating systems of the Linux family, below is a list of the most significant commands that each user needs. Note that the tools and utilities called from "Terminal", are preset in all Linux distributions and do not need to be preloaded.
In any operating system, interaction with various file formats is indispensable. Most users are accustomed to using a file manager for these purposes, which has a graphical shell. But all the same manipulations, or even a larger list of them, can be carried out using special commands.
Entering into "Terminal" commands that directly interact with files, sooner or later you will need to make changes to them. To work with text documents the following commands are used:
Prolonged use of the OS during one session stimulates the appearance of many active processes that can significantly degrade the performance of the computer to the point that it will not be comfortable to work with.
This situation can be easily remedied by completing unnecessary processes. IN Linux system For this purpose, the following commands are used:
Important commands include not only those that allow you to interact with system components, but also perform more trivial tasks that contribute to the convenience of working at a computer.
When more than one person works at one computer, but several, then the best option will create multiple users. However, you need to know the commands to interact with each of them.
No user is able to remember the meaning of all commands in the system or the location of all executable files programs, but three easy-to-remember commands can come to the rescue:
In order to set up the Internet and subsequently successfully make adjustments to the network parameters, you need to know at least a few commands responsible for this.
Knowing all the above commands, even a beginner who just installed the system on Linux-based, will be able to perfectly interact with it, successfully solving the tasks. At first glance, it may seem that the list is very difficult to remember, but with frequent execution of a particular command, over time, the main ones will stick into memory, and you will not need to refer to the instructions presented by us every time.
