There are two types of internet connection today. The first type is a wired connection that uses a cable called twisted pair to connect. The second type is a Wi-Fi connection that provides an Internet connection using radio waves. Wi-Fi connection has become widespread in our time. However, wired Internet has a number of advantages that are relevant in large organizations and offices. At home, it also makes sense to make a wired connection to at least one computer. For a stable Internet connection and efficient operation, you must correctly configure its connection settings.
Over the past 15 years, the Internet has rapidly penetrated into all spheres of our lives. It is necessary in banking, trade, manufacturing, and is also indispensable for the exchange of information and personal communication. The most common ways to connect to the global network today are a wired connection and a Wi-Fi connection.
A wired connection uses an optical cable or twisted pair cable. The first type of cable has a significant advantage, as it provides information transfer rates up to 1 GB per second. Over twisted pair, the speed limit reaches 100 MB per second.
The speed of information transfer through the cable depends on its type and on the network card that receives the signal. This affects the operation of desktop computers, game consoles, TVs and other devices connected to the same network. Streaming information does not require constant exchange between devices, which significantly increases the processing speed. Speed in a local connection between workstations is of great importance when working in a corporate network. This is taken into account if there is a need to quickly transfer a large amount of information.
With a Wi-Fi connection, the connection to the Internet is carried out using radio waves operating in a certain range. Therefore, Wi-Fi is more in demand at the household level. It is convenient because it allows you to immediately connect to the Internet from a smartphone, tablet or laptop anywhere where there is an access point. However, signal reception is affected by neighbor devices operating in the Wi-Fi connection frequency band and objects in the path of radio waves.
A Wi-Fi connection does not require cabling, but it is highly susceptible to radio interference, and the farther you are from the access point, the worse the signal reception
A wired connection has several advantages over wireless:
Errors that occur when connecting a wired connection can be indicated by codes that indicate the cause of the problem.
Even an unprepared user can connect an Internet cable to the computer's network adapter connector on their own. For connection, a standard cable (twisted pair) with crimped RJ-45 connectors on both ends of the cable is used.
You can connect the cable as follows:
First, connect the cable connector to any LAN connector on the router
Now you need to connect the second cable connector to the computer's LAN connector
In old-style modems, the provider's cable should be connected to the yellow modem connector
The connecting cable from the device must be connected to the modem's Ethernet connector
When connected to a computer, the indicator LED on the indicator panel of the router will be lit
Connecting the cable is not a big problem, since all connectors have connectors that fit only into the corresponding sockets on the computer's connector panel. It is extremely difficult to make a mistake in this process even for a novice user.
After connecting the cable connectors and building a connection between the computer's network adapter and the provider's equipment, you can debug the Internet connection. First of all, you need to choose a way to connect to the backbone network, based on specific goals. There are 2 connection methods:
To properly create a dynamic connection, you must perform a series of sequential steps:
From the Start key menu, navigate to Network Connections
In "Options" go to the option "Configure adapter settings"
Select "Properties" from the Ethernet connection drop-down menu
In the properties panel, select the line IP version 4 (TCP / IPv4), and then open "Properties"
In the last step, activate the switches "Obtain an IP address automatically" and "Obtain DNS server address automatically"
The dynamic connection is now ready to use.
To create a static connection, you need to follow these steps:
Everything, the static connection is established.
Currently, most home Internet subscribers use a dynamic connection, since the main method is to connect through a router. A static connection is used for a dial-up connection or a direct connection.
When using an ADSL modem connection, only static addresses assigned by the ISP are used.
The L2TP tunnel protocol used to connect to the global network is a symbiosis of the old PPTP protocols from Microsoft and L2F from Cisco. It is easily processed by network devices and has a high speed of information exchange due to reduced processor load. It has great connection stability and high security. Able to create tunnels to work in any networks. The L2TP protocol is usually used in corporate networks, as it allows you to create a network connection over an existing network. This provides a stable connection between the main office of the organization and regional offices.
To set up an L2TP connection, you need to perform a series of sequential steps:
From the Start menu, select "Network Connections"
Under Settings, open Network and Sharing Center
In the menu of the "Network and Sharing Center" section, select the first item - "Create a new connection or network"
Select the line "Connect to a workplace", then click "Next"
Click on the "Use my internet connection (VPN)" tab to continue the setup
Enter the server address and do not forget to check the box next to the last item to allow other users to use the connection
In the console, right-click on the generated VPN connection and go to "Properties"
VPN type must be set to L2TP with IPsec (L2TP/IPsec), select "optional" for data encryption
The authentication key must be provided to you by your ISP
If you did everything correctly, then the L2TP connection is ready for use.
The created L2TP connection increases the security level for the subscriber and makes it easier to connect to the provider's equipment.
The PPPoE Internet network connection protocol is used when connecting to the backbone network using Ethernet technology. This method has a number of advantages, for example, an extended range of additional features, data compression during transmission, and authentication and encryption operations with information packets. Connection requires authorization on the network (entering a username and password). Used for direct connection to the backbone network and provider equipment.
To connect to the Internet using the PPPoE protocol, you need to perform a number of operations:
In the "Network and Sharing Center" section, click on "Create and configure a new connection or network"
Select the first item - "Connect to the Internet" and click "Next" for further settings
In "Internet connection" select the connection "High speed (with PPPoE)"
Enter the login and password received from the provider and click "Connect" to complete the setup
You now have a PPPoE connection established.
Giving permission to other users to use the connection is only worthwhile when installing home Internet, since the number of users is limited.
When connecting a wired Internet, errors periodically occur due to hardware problems, a break in the backbone network, or incorrect user actions. In most cases, connection problems arise due to the careless actions of the user himself.. To determine and eliminate the cause of the problem, you need to perform simple steps according to the following algorithm:
Go to "Network and Sharing Center" and open the "Troubleshooting" section
For further settings, select the "Internet Connections" option
Wait for the problem detection process to complete
Select "Troubleshoot Internet Connection" and wait for the diagnostic process to complete
Run the troubleshooter by clicking on the appropriate line
Check the "Locate this computer on the network" box and continue troubleshooting with the "Next" button
Wait for the network gateway configuration check to complete
This completes the check for incoming connections.
The following instructions show the detection of one incoming connection problem. More detailed information about the problem can be found by clicking on the "View additional information" line.
The above method for finding connection errors is a classic and was developed by Microsoft specialists. In reality, everything is much simpler, since the problem with the Internet connection can be caused by other reasons that are eliminated mechanically.
This algorithm helps to fix the problem with no internet connection in most cases:
To avoid problems with your Internet connection, it is recommended to periodically disconnect the router from the network and give it time to recover.
Nowadays, all ISPs prefer to establish a dynamic connection to the backbone network. This is more convenient for the network subscriber and for the provider company, since it does not require reconfiguration of parameters in case of any changes in the network equipment. If you plan to often use remote access to your computer, then, of course, it is better to choose a direct connection, bypassing a router or modem. For home Internet, you can always change the router settings and the type of connection that were originally installed by the provider's specialists. In the future, when the system configuration is changed or a complete reinstallation, the network parameters are set automatically. With a direct connection, the settings will need to be set manually. All this must be taken into account by users when choosing the type of Internet connection.
Global Network Technologies
Currently, there are many ways to connect to the Internet from connecting a computer via an analog modem to connecting using high-speed technologies.
The method of connecting a computer to the Internet depends on the level of services used by the user, which he wants to receive from the provider (service provider), on the speed and quality of data transfer. The services provided by the Internet include: E-mail, WWW, FTP, Usenet, IP-telephony, streaming video, etc.
Ways to connect to the Internet can be classified into the following types:
Dial-up access typically uses an analog modem and an analog telephone line, but dial-up access over the ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Telephone Network) is also used. An ISDN adapter is used to connect a PC to a digital network with integrated ISDN services. In addition, dial-up access to the Internet can be carried out using wireless technologies: mobile GPRS - Internet and mobile CDMA - Internet.
Access via dedicated communication channels implies a permanent communication channel from the premises with a computer to the switch owned by the ISP (provider). This access method ensures that the computer is connected all 24 hours a day. There are several connection options: via leased lines with speeds of 2400 bps - 1.544 Mbps. and via permanent virtual frame switching channels with speeds of 56 Kbps - 45 Mbps. For large organizations, this method of connecting a local network to the Internet is the most efficient.
A promising method of connecting to the Internet, both for individuals and companies, is a DSL broadband network. Digital Subscriber Line - a family of digital subscriber lines designed to organize access over an analog telephone network using a DSL / cable modem. This method provides data transfer up to 50 Mbps.
Access to the Internet over a local area network with Fast Ethernet architecture provides the user with access to the resources of the global Internet network and the resources of the local network. The connection is made using a network card (10/100 Mbit/s) with a data transfer rate of up to 1 Gbit/s on trunk sections and 100 Mbit/s for the end user.
Satellite Internet access (DirecPC, Europe Online) is popular for users in remote areas. The maximum data reception rate is up to 52.5 Mbps (real average speed is up to 3 Mbps).
Cable TV users can use cable TV network channels to connect to the Internet, while the data reception rate is from 2 to 56 Mb / s. A cable modem is used to connect to a cable television network.
Recently, wireless methods of connecting to the Internet have become more and more popular.
Last mile wireless technologies include:
For more information on how to connect to the Internet, see the page
The Internet has long ceased to be some kind of addition to our life, becoming its integral part. Too many everyday activities and entertainment depend on the World Wide Web. But in order to enter it, you need something more than a cord plugged into an outlet.
Consider the main types of connection to the Internet: features, equipment used and user reviews for one or another type. The options are not very diverse, but nevertheless, everyone can choose something of their own for specific goals and conditions.
This is the most popular type of internet connection. The provider serving your area brings a cable to your apartment, through which the signal enters the house. In such cases, as a rule, only two connection options are used - through an optical cable and through a twisted pair.
As for everything here, everything is simple. A twisted cable (copper) is drawn from the junction box at the entrance and connected to your system unit or router. Almost all high-rise buildings are connected in this way. Finding out what type of Internet connection (cable) in this case is very simple: if you have thin wires (compared to fiber optics) and an average speed of up to 100 Mbps, then twisted pair is worth it. If the cable is thicker and the speed is higher, then it is fiber optic.
In another case, “optics” is brought into the apartment, which is connected to a special junction box directly in the house. This type of Internet connection has one very serious advantage - it's speed, which can reach up to 1 Gbps.
Using an optical cable, you can easily get not only access to the World Wide Web, but also use telephony and television services. That is, instead of three laid cables, you get one.
In turn, the cable type of Internet connection has two options for working with network protocols - local and virtual. Let's consider them in more detail.
The whole point of local protocols is that your ISP simply assigns you a separate IP address. The provider includes all computers in one large network, where he can safely control each address. In addition, this type of Internet connection is distinguished by the presence of a dynamic or static IP.
The dynamic option is the simplest, because everything falls on the shoulders of the provider itself, and the user does not need to adjust anything himself. How to find out the type of Internet connection in this case? If you plugged the cable into a computer or router and after a couple of seconds got access to the World Wide Web, then you have a dynamic IP, otherwise the operating system will ask for additional login parameters.
The static version is more finicky in terms of access. Before each session, the system will request data for accessing the Internet, which the provider should have provided you. They do not change, so it is enough to enter them once, and in the future the operating system will itself access the network.
This option is most convenient for online services that constantly ask you for a static IP address. How to find out what type of internet connection is in this case? Most modern routers are able to determine the type of connection and inform the owner about it. If you are using outdated or frankly budget equipment, then you can simply call your provider and clarify all the information you are interested in. They will also help you deal with a competitive router model and tell you how to find out the type of Internet connection on your device.
Judging by user reviews on numerous specialized forums, providers prefer to "plant" subscribers to a static IP. For example, the same Rostelecom (the type of Internet connection is cable) completely introduces the Internet only for “static”, because in this case it is much easier to track each individual user in terms of subscription fees and the provision of some additional services. As for the quality of communication itself, a lot depends on the cable used (optical fiber / twisted pair) and your equipment (router / network card).
A virtual private network, or, in other words, VPN, are encrypted communication protocols, where the exchange of all information between the user's computer and the provider is encrypted, greatly increasing the security of the network. In total, there are two main types of VPN connections - these are PPPoE and PPTP (L2TP).
One of the most popular types of virtual network is PPPoE protocols. To connect to the Internet, you only need a username and password. The Windows platform recognizes this type as conditional dialing.
A much less popular type is PPTP (L2TP), because when entering a password with a login, the user needs to specify the exact address of the provider's server. Another distinguishing feature of a PPTP connection is the encryption method, which is fundamentally different from PPPoE. One of the most famous providers working on this protocol is Beeline (home Internet). The type of connection from other providers may also vary depending on the conditions of the area (proximity of the tower, required speed, etc.).
Reviews about this type of connection vary greatly. Some are quite satisfied with the frequently changing data stream speed (watching videos, working with text information, etc.), but for some this is a critical moment. The latter are, as a rule, gamers who need low ping (server response delay), that is, good ping. For example, if you have an MTS Internet connection type via a VPN connection (flash modem), then in popular MOBA League games of Legends and DOTA ping will fluctuate between 90ms and 120ms. While through a cable connection, the response time does not exceed 40-60 ms.
This type includes several types of Internet connection. The virtual network is the priority connection type here, and dynamic or static IP addresses are used as an additional resource. That is, the difference between them lies in the manual or automatic entry of data about the provider's server.
This type is considered one of the most difficult and is used extremely rarely. It is often used by municipal services with a multi-level office structure: pension fund, gas services, employment centers, etc.
Fiber optic cable seriously dominates over telephone lines, but for a number of reasons (rural areas, remote settlements, etc.), it is not advisable for a provider to pull an expensive Internet cable. In this case, the presence of a home phone somehow helps out, that is, an ADSL or Dial-Up connection.
An ADSL connection allows you to surf the Internet at a low speed, approximately within a dozen megabits. For most ordinary tasks, this is quite enough. For full-fledged networking, you will need a modem and In order for both devices to function simultaneously and correctly (a computer with a network and a telephone), you need a splitter that branches off cables to both your home phone and the system unit.
Connecting the Dial-Up type is, as they say, the last century. In this case, if you are working on the Internet, the telephone line will be busy. In addition, the data transfer rate is limited to 56 Kbps, which, by today's standards, is very, very low. Despite all the shortcomings of the Dial-Up connection, it is sometimes used in difficult terrain.
Judging by user reviews, this connection method is practically not in demand, because even watching videos on the YouTube channel in low resolution is a real problem. The only thing you can count on with such a connection is only letters, pictures and music in a low bitrate.
One of the most expensive types of connection, but at the same time almost ubiquitous. A satellite dish allows you to access the World Wide Web even in the wilderness, where there are no simple communications. The only condition is good visibility of the orbiting satellite, which is not a problem for a venerable provider.
Surely many are familiar firsthand with satellite television. In the case of the Internet, the principle is the same, with the only difference being that a block with a transmitting head is additionally installed on the plate to transmit data in both directions.
The speed of the channel is measured in tens of megabits. One of the main disadvantages of this type of connection is exorbitant rates and expensive equipment.
Many people are probably familiar with Wi-Fi protocols. Someone has a router installed at home, and someone uses free entry points in public places. Wi-Fi covers, as a rule, areas that are difficult to access for cable connection, such as cottage villages and other private sectors. For work, the operator installs base stations that provide a network to a nearby area within a radius of five to ten kilometers.
To connect, you need a special receiver, and if you are at a considerable distance from the base station, then a special antenna that amplifies the signal will not interfere.
There are various ways to connect to the Internet.
● LAN access- this type of access, as a rule, is practiced in corporate and some home networks. You do not have to configure anything here - you just need to insert the network cable into the Ethernet connector of the computer. Although the speed of data transfer over the local network itself can reach 100-1000 Mbps, the speed of Internet access depends on the Internet channel connecting the LAN gateway (a special computer that provides other computers with Internet access) with the provider. For example, if there are 20 clients on the network, and the Internet channel speed is only 2 Mbps, then your connection cannot work at 100 Mbps in any way.
● LAN + VPN- some providers, puzzled by the security of data transmission, “on top” of the local network are deploying a VPN - a virtual private network. This allows you to provide password entry to the network (i.e., authenticate the user) and provide data encryption.
● Modem access- to access the Internet, a special device is used: a modulator-demodulator, or simply, a modem. Data transmission is carried out via a telephone line. This type of access is so obsolete that the current generation of users probably does not even know about it.
● DSL and its variations- we can say that this is an improved modem access. To implement it, you need a digital telephone line, a DSL modem and a splitter. The modem itself and a regular phone are connected to the splitter. There are many advantages to this type of connection. First, cheap compared to modem access, where you had to pay double the rate: the telephone operator for a busy line and the ISP for access to the Internet. Secondly, the speed here is much higher. For modern variants of ADSL connection, the speed can reach 100 Mbps versus 56 Kbps for a modem. Thirdly, the telephone line is free when working on the Internet. In a word, some advantages. As a rule, ADSL connections are very popular in home networks.
● Wireless connection via cellular operator network (3G/4G)- to access the Internet, a mobile phone connected to a computer or a special 3G / 4G modem, made in the form of a USB flash drive, is used. 3G / 4G modules are also built into some tablets - you just need to insert a SIM card. This type of connection has gained popularity among mobile users who always need to stay connected.
● Wireless Wi-Fi connection- is also popular with mobile users, given that free Wi-Fi points are installed in many establishments. And at home, deploying a wireless network is not difficult.
● Other ways to access the Internet- there are quite a few different kinds of connections: both RadioEthernet and satellite connections, but all of them, compared to those listed here, are used quite rarely.● LAN
● DSL
● VPN
● WiFi
3G/4G now no one sets up: just connect the 3G/4G modem to the USB port, click the Connect button in the window that opens, and you are on the Internet. A Radio Ethernet configured according to DSL- created according to the protocol PPPoE. Other methods of connecting to the Internet are special cases. Not everyone has, say, a satellite connection. As for the popular now WiMax, then configuring it comes down to configuring the router and has nothing to do with configuring Windows itself.
Before you start configuring the router, it is advisable to find out the necessary information. We need to find out what Internet connection technology our Internet provider uses, we need to have the necessary parameters that will need to be set in the router settings (depending on connection technology). If, for example, the provider uses a Dynamic IP connection, then you do not need any additional parameters. It is enough to select Dynamic IP in the router settings, and the Internet will work.
Also, you need to find out if the provider binds by MAC address. If it does, then after connecting the cable to the router, the Internet will not work even after the correct settings, because the provider does not have the MAC address of the router.
Now we will deal with everything in order.
The most important thing is to understand that the task of the router is to connect to the Internet and distribute it to your devices. It establishes a connection with your ISP in the same way as a computer. In order for the router setup to go smoothly and without problems, you need to correctly specify the connection type (WAN Connection Type), and set the necessary parameters.
What happens if you choose the wrong connection type?
This is the most common problem when setting up routers. The Internet will not work. A wireless network will appear, but after connecting to it, there will be no Internet on your devices. On computers, for example, the connection status will be "Without access to the Internet." By cable, from the router, the Internet will also not work.
Everything is clear here, the router did not establish a connection with your provider, since the parameters were set incorrectly.
In Russia, Ukraine, and probably in other CIS countries, providers most often use the following technologies: Dynamic IP, Static IP, PPPoE, PPTP, L2TP.
I wrote a lot, but the main question, and did not answer.
Before you start setting up your router, be sure to find out what technology your ISP uses.
How to find out? Call your ISP support and ask. Go to the provider's website and find instructions for setting up the equipment there. Or look in the documents that you received upon connection.
If you call support, then ask if the provider binds by MAC address, and what MTU value, it is better to specify in the router settings.
If you already know the connection technology, then you should also know the necessary parameters. If you have a Dynamic IP, then, as I wrote above, no parameters are needed, but if you have, for example, Static IP, PPPoE, PPTP, or L2TP, then you must know the login, password, static IP (if necessary), server address . Or only certain parameters (it all depends on the connection).
As a rule, this information is specified in the contract for connecting to the Internet.
A lot of providers tie the Internet to the MAC address of a specific network device. Each computer network card, or router, has its own MAC address, and this address is assigned by the provider.
If your Internet provider makes such a binding, then even after the router is configured correctly, the Internet will not work. Since most likely, the provider has the MAC address of your computer, not the router.
What to do in such a situation?
Find out if binding is done by MAC address. If not, then no additional settings need to be made. If there is a binding, then in the settings of the router, you need. It is necessary that the router has the same MAC as the computer to which the Internet is attached. In articles on setting up certain routers, I try to write how to do this.
There is another option: look at the MAC address of the router (as a rule, it is located on a sticker on the router itself), call the support of the Internet provider, and tell them the new MAC to which you need to bind the Internet.
These are the two main rules. Pay special attention to these two points, and you will succeed. The main thing is that the router will already distribute the Internet, and there you can set up a Wi-Fi network, set a password, and other functions, according to the instructions for a specific manufacturer or model. You can find these instructions on our website or on the Internet.
