Initially, the Internet was a computer network for transmitting information, developed at the initiative of the US Department of Defense. The reason was neglected Soviet Union in 1957 the first artificial Earth satellite. The US military decided that in this case they needed an ultra-reliable communication system. ARPANET was not a secret for long and soon began to be actively used by various branches of science.
The first successful remote communication session was conducted in 1969 from Los Angeles to Stanford. In 1971, an instantly popular program for sending email over the Internet was developed. The first foreign organizations to connect to the network were in the UK and Norway. With the installation of the transatlantic telephone cable to these countries, ARPANET became an international network.
The ARPANET was perhaps a more advanced communication system, but it was not the only one. And only by 1983, when the American network was filled with the first news groups, bulletin boards and switched to using the TCP/IP protocol, which made it possible to integrate into other computer networks, ARPANET became the Internet. Literally a year later, this title began to gradually pass to NSFNet, an inter-university network that had a large throughput and gained 10 thousand connected computers during the annual period. The first Internet chat appeared in 1988, and in 1989 Tim Berners-Lee proposed the concept of the World Wide Web.
In 1990, ARPANET finally lost to NSFNet. It is worth noting that both of them were developed by the same scientific organizations, only the first was commissioned by the US defense services, and the second was on its own initiative. However, this competitive pairing led to scientific developments and discoveries that made the World Wide Web a reality, which became publicly available in 1991. Berners Lee, who proposed its concept, developed the HTTP (hypertext) protocol over the next two years, HTML language and URL identifiers, which are more familiar to ordinary users as Internet addresses, sites, and pages.
The World Wide Web is a system that provides access to files on a server computer connected to the Internet. This is partly why today the concepts of the web and the Internet often replace each other. In fact, the Internet is a communication technology, a kind of information space, and the World Wide Web fills it. This spider network consists of many millions of web servers - computers and their systems that are responsible for the operation of websites and pages. To access web resources (download, view) from regular computer browser program is used. Web, WWW are synonyms for the World Wide Web. WWW users number in the billions.
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The Internet is taking an increasing place in our lives. No other human-made technology has gained such widespread popularity. The Internet is the World Wide Web, which covers the entire globe, enveloping it with a network of TV towers. He began to gain his popularity back in the relatively distant 1990s. In the article, we will discuss where it came from and why it became so popular.
The second name of such a plan was not without reason. The fact is that the Internet unites many users around the world. Like a spider's web, it envelops the entire globe with its threads. And this is not an ordinary metaphor, it really is. The Internet is wires and wireless network, the second of which is not visible to us.
But this is a lyrical digression; in fact, the Internet is connected to the World Wide Web (www, or Word Wide Web). It covers all computers connected to the Internet. On remote servers, users store the necessary information and can also communicate on the Internet. This name is often understood as the World Wide Web or Global Network.
It is based on several particularly important protocols, like TCP/IP. Thanks to the Internet, the World Wide Web, or in other words the Word Wide Web (WWW), carries out its activities, that is, transmits and receives data.
At the end of 2015, a study was conducted, based on which the following data were obtained. There are 3.3 billion Internet users worldwide. And this is almost 50% of the entire population of our planet.
Such high rates were achieved thanks to the distribution cellular networks 3G and high speed 4G. Providers played an important role, thanks to the massive introduction of Internet technologies, the costs of maintaining servers and manufacturing fiber-optic cables decreased. In most European countries, Internet speeds are faster than in African countries. This is explained by the technical lag of the latter and the low demand for the service.
Paradoxical as it may seem, many users are sure that the above term and the Internet are one and the same. This deep misconception that hovers in the minds of many users is caused by the similarity of concepts. Now we'll figure out what's what.
The World Wide Web is often confused with the similar phrase “World Wide Web”. It represents a certain volume of information based on Internet technology.
By the end of the 90s, the dominance of NSFNet over ARPANET technology was finally established in the world. Oddly enough, their development was carried out by one scientific center. ARPNET was developed by order of the US War Department. Yes, yes, the first to use the Internet were the military. And NSFNet technology was developed independently of government agencies, almost out of pure enthusiasm.
It was the competition between the two developments that became the basis for their further development and mass introduction into the world. The World Wide Web became available to the general public in 1991. It had to work somehow, and Berners Lee took up the development of a system for the Internet. After two years of successful work, he created hypertext, or HTTP, the famous electronic language HTML and URL. We don’t need to go into details, because now we see them as regular links for website addresses.
First of all, this information space, accessed via the Internet. It allows the user to have access to data that is located on the servers. If we use a visual-figurative method, then the Internet is a volumetric cylinder, and the World Wide Web is what fills it.
Through a program called a "browser", the user gains access to the Internet to surf the Web. It consists of an innumerable number of sites that are based on servers. They are connected to computers and are responsible for storing, loading, and viewing data.
Currently, Homo sapiens in developed countries have almost completely integrated with the World Wide Web. We are not talking about our grandparents or about remote villages where they don’t even know about some kind of Internet.
Previously, a person in search of information went straight to the library. And it often happened that the book he needed was not found, then he had to go to other institutions with archives. Now there is no need for such manipulations.
In biology, all species names consist of three words, such as our full name Homo sapiens neanderthalensis. Now we can safely add the fourth word internetiys.
Agree, we get almost all our information from the Internet. We have tons of information at our fingertips. Tell our ancestor about this, he would eagerly stare at the monitor screen and sit there all his free time in search of information.
It was the Internet that brought humanity to a fundamentally new level, it contributes to the creation of a new culture - mixed or multi. Representatives of different nations mimic and adapt, as if merging their customs into one cauldron. Where does the final product then come from?
It is especially useful for scientists; there is no longer a need to gather at consultations in a country that is located 1000 km from yours. You can exchange experiences without a personal meeting, for example, through instant messengers or social media. And if an important issue needs to be discussed, then this can be done via Skype.
The World Wide Web is a component of the Internet. Its operation is ensured thanks to storage servers, which provide information to the user upon request. The Network itself was developed thanks to scientists from the USA and their enthusiasm.
Graphic representation of information on the World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is made up of millions of Internet web servers located around the world. A web server is a program that runs on a computer connected to a network and uses a hard disk protocol and sends it over the network to the requesting computer. More sophisticated web servers are capable of dynamically allocating resources in response to an HTTP request. To identify resources (often files or their parts) on the World Wide Web, uniform resource identifiers are used. Uniform Resource Identifier). Uniform resource locators are used to determine the location of resources in the network. Uniform Resource Locator). These URL locators combine URI identification technology and the English domain name system. Domain Name System) - Domain name(or directly. The main function of a web browser is to display hypertext. The World Wide Web is inextricably linked with the concepts of hypertext and hyperlinks. Most of the information on the Web is precisely hypertext. To facilitate the creation, storage and display of hypertext on the World Wide Web, the English language is traditionally used. HyperText Markup Language), hypertext markup language. The work of marking up hypertext is called layout, markup masters are called a webmaster or webmaster (without a hyphen). After HTML markup, the resulting hypertext is placed in a file; such an HTML file is the most common resource on the World Wide Web. Once an HTML file is made available to a web server, it is called a “web page.” A collection of web pages makes up a website. Hyperlinks are added to the hypertext of web pages. Hyperlinks help World Wide Web users easily navigate between resources (files), regardless of whether the resources are located on local computer or on a remote server. Web hyperlinks are based on URL technology.
In general, we can conclude that the World Wide Web is based on “three pillars”: HTTP, HTML and URL. Although recently HTML time began to lose its position somewhat and give way to more modern markup technologies: XML. XML eXtensible Markup Language) is positioned as a foundation for other markup languages. To improve the visual perception of the web, CSS technology has become widely used, which allows you to set uniform design styles for many web pages. Another innovation worth paying attention to is the English resource designation system. Uniform Resource Name).
A popular concept for the development of the World Wide Web is the creation of the Semantic Web. The Semantic Web is an add-on to the existing World Wide Web, which is designed to make information posted on the network more understandable to computers. The Semantic Web is a concept of a network in which every resource in human language would be provided with a description that is understandable to a computer.. The Semantic Web opens up access to clearly structured information for any application, regardless of platform and regardless of programming languages. Programs will be able to find the necessary resources themselves, process information, classify data, identify logical connections, draw conclusions and even make decisions based on these conclusions. If widely adopted and implemented wisely, the Semantic Web has the potential to spark a revolution on the Internet. To create a computer-readable description of a resource, the Semantic Web uses the RDF (English) format. Resource Description Framework ), which is based on the syntax of English. RDF Schema) and English Protocol And RDF Query Language ) (pronounced "sparkle"), new language requests for quick access to RDF data.
Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cayo are considered the inventors of the World Wide Web. Tim Berners-Lee is the originator of HTTP, URI/URL and HTML technologies. In the year he worked in France. Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, Geneva (Switzerland), he wrote the Enquire program for his own needs. "Enquire", can be loosely translated as "Interrogator"), which used random associations to store data and laid the conceptual foundation for the World Wide Web.
There is also a popular concept Web 2.0, which summarizes several directions of development of the World Wide Web.
Information on the web can be displayed either passively (that is, the user can only read it) or actively - then the user can add information and edit it. Methods for actively displaying information on the World Wide Web include:
It should be noted that this division is very arbitrary. So, say, a blog or a guest book can be considered as a special case of a forum, which, in turn, is a special case of a content management system. Usually the difference is in the purpose, approach and positioning one or another product.
Some information from websites can also be accessed through speech. India has already begun testing a system that makes the text content of pages accessible even to people who cannot read and write.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
World-Wide Web
World wide web- Ne doit pas être confondu avec Internet. Le World Wide Web, littéralement la "toile (d'araignée) mondiale", communément appelé le Web, parfois la Toile ou le WWW, est un système hypertexte public fonctionnant sur Internet et qui... Wikipédia en Français
World Wide Web- ˌWorld ˌWide ˈWeb written abbreviation WWW noun the World Wide Web COMPUTING a system that allows computer users to easily find information that is available on the Internet, by providing links from one document to other documents, and to files… … Financial and business terms
World Community of Networks;
♦ what is the World Wide Web;
♦ Web server, Web page, Web site;
♦ WWW hyperstructure;
♦ browser - WWW client program; problem of finding information on the Internet.
The Internet is a global community of networks
Would you like to look into the residence of the US President - the White House, or visit the Louvre - the largest art museum in the world, or find out what the weather is like in Antarctica, or get information about the performances taking place tonight in Moscow theaters? All this and much more can be achieved without leaving the desk on which you are installed. Personal Computer connected to the world networks Internet.
The Internet unites thousands of local, industry, regional computer networks all over the world. An individual user who is not a subscriber to any of the listed networks can also connect to the Internet through the nearest hub.
All of the above computer network services ( Email, teleconferences, file archives, etc.) also work on the Internet. In this case, only problems of the language of communication may arise. The language of international communication in the global network is English. Here is another incentive for you to study diligently English language !
What is the World Wide Web
The most interesting service provided to Internet users since 1993 has been the ability to work with the World Wide Web information system (abbreviated as WWW). This phrase can be translated as “world wide web.” It was working with the WWW that was meant when at the beginning of this paragraph you were offered all sorts of information miracles.
It is very difficult to give an exact definition of what the WWW is. This system can be compared to a huge encyclopedia, the pages of which are scattered across computer servers connected by the Internet. To get the right information, the user must get to the corresponding encyclopedia page. Perhaps with this analogy in mind, the creators of the WWW introduced the concept of a Web page.
Web server, Web page, Web site
The web page is the main one information item www. It is a separate document stored on a Web server. A page has a name (similar to a page number in an encyclopedia) by which it can be accessed.
The information on a Web page can be very different: text, drawing, photograph, multimedia. Advertising is also placed on Web pages, background information, scientific articles, latest news, illustrated publications, art catalogs, weather forecasts and much, much more. To put it simply: Web pages have “everything.”
A number of Web pages can be related thematically and form a Web site. Each site has home page, which is called home (Home page). This is a kind of title page, starting from which you can view documents stored on the server. Typically, the home page contains a table of contents - the names of sections. To contact to the required section, just move the mouse pointer to the section name and click mice.
WWW hyperstructure
However, it is not at all necessary to view Web pages in a row, flipping through them, as in a book. The most important property of the WWW is the hypertext organization of connections between Web pages. Moreover, these links operate not only between pages on the same server, but also between different WWW servers.
Typically, hyperlinked keywords are highlighted or underlined on a Web page. By clicking on such a word, you will follow a hidden link to view another document. Moreover, this document may be located on another server, in another country, on another continent. Most often, the Internet user has no idea where the server with which he is in this moment communicates. Figuratively speaking, in one session you can “fly” around the globe several times.
The role of a key for communication can be played not only by text, but also by a drawing, a photograph, or a pointer to a sound document. In this case, instead of the term “hypertext” the term “hypermedia” is used.
You can reach the same Web page in many different ways. The analogy with the pages of a book no longer works here. In a book, the pages have a certain sequence. Web pages do not have such a sequence. The transition from one page to another occurs through hyperlinks, forming a network that resembles a web. This is where the name of the system comes from.
Summarizing the above, we can give the following definition:
The World Wide Web is a globally distributed Information system with hyperlinks, existing on a technical basis worldwide network Internet.
Browser is a WWW client program. The problem of searching for information on the Internet
A special device helps the user navigate the web software, which is called a Web browser from the English “browse” - “inspect, study.” Using a browser, you can find the information you need different ways. The shortest way is using the web page address. You type this address on your keyboard, press the enter key, and you are taken straight to the location.
Another way is search. You can start moving with your home page via hyperlinks. At the same time, there is a danger of going the wrong way, getting entangled in the “web”, and ending up in a dead end. However, the browser allows you to go back any number of steps and continue searching along a different route. Such a search is similar to wandering in an unfamiliar forest (though less dangerous).
Special search programs are good assistants in navigating the WWW. They “know” everything or almost everything about the WWW. For such a program it is enough to specify the set keywords on a topic that interests you, and it will provide a list of links to relevant Web documents. If the list turns out to be too long, you need to add some more clarifying terms.
During Internet sessions, an Internet user appears to be immersed in an information space with unlimited resources. Recently, the term “cyberspace” has become widespread, which refers to the entirety of the world’s telecommunication systems and the information circulating in them.
The WWW system is developing very quickly. Already, all its resources are difficult to review. Thick reference books and catalogs are published that become outdated faster than phone books. Therefore, simultaneously with the increase in the volume of information, the search system on the World Wide Web is being improved.
Briefly about the main thing
The Internet is a worldwide global computer network.
World Wide Web - World Wide Web: a hyperconnected information system distributed throughout the world, existing on the technical basis of the global Internet.
A web page is a separate WWW document.
Web server is a computer on the Internet that stores Web pages and the corresponding software for working with them.
Web site - a collection of thematically related pages.
Hypermedia is a system of hyperlinks between multimedia documents.
A web browser is a client program for the user to work with the WWW.
Searching for the desired document on the WWW can occur: by specifying its address; by moving through a “web” of hyperconnections; by using search programs.
Cyberspace is a set of world telecommunications systems and information circulating in them.
Questions and tasks
1. What is the Internet?
2. How is the phrase “World Wide Web” translated?
3. What is WWW?
4. What information can be obtained from the WWW?
5. How is the connection between Web pages organized?
6. What is the analogy between the WWW and the web?
7. What is hypermedia?
8. What is a Web server?
9. By what methods can you find the desired page on the WWW?
I. Semakin, L. Zalogova, S. Rusakov, L. Shestakova, Computer Science, 9th grade
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