Today you will not surprise anyone with a computer in the house. And if you have accumulated as many as two iron pets, then there is a natural desire to combine them together. We will deal with the creation of such a structure, proudly called a "computer network", in this article.
So, you have 2 computers. First of all, you need to check if they have special devices that will allow them to communicate with each other over the network. These devices are called network cards. You may also come across the names "network adapter", "network card", "Ethernet adapter".
The socket in the network card is called the LAN port (from the English Local Area Network - local area network). It is also often referred to as a "LAN port" (short for "Local Computing Network”) or “Ethernet port”.
Where to look for a network card? At conventional computer The LAN port is located on the back of the system unit.
For laptops, the network card port is usually located on the side - on the right or left.
In 99.9% of cases, both of your computers will have a network card. If, nevertheless, it is not there, you will have to take the computer to the service and order a service for installing it into it network adapter.
Now it's the turn of the cable over which your computers will send signals to each other (these signals are called packages). To connect computers to a network, you need not just any cable, but a special Ethernet cable called " twisted pair of the fifth category».
Naturally, in any computer store. But, before you go there, measure the distance between your computers. Please note that a twisted pair cable cannot be strongly bent, twisted, nailed, or violated in any other way. This can damage the communication of your PCs with each other - packets will be distorted or lost, which is completely useless for a future computer network.
So arm yourself with a measuring tape and measure the distance between computers, taking into account all corners, doorways and walls. Add to the resulting value 2-3 meters in reserve. So you will get the length of the twisted pair cable, which you need to buy in the store.
But that's not all. You can't just plug the cable into the LAN port. At each end of the cable, you also need to screw special sockets, called connectors in the computer world. RJ-45(erji 45). They are very similar to telephones, only larger in size.
To connect two computers, you need two connectors - one on each side of the twisted pair. Connectors are also sold in computer stores.
The process of attaching a cable to a connector is called crimping. Expression " crimp twisted pair" means literally: expose the ends of the cable, insert them in the right order into the connector and clamp them well with a special tool. This tool is called crimping Tools or a crimper and looks like this:
You can do this again in a computer store. When you buy twisted pair and connectors, just ask the seller to crimp the cable to connect TWO computers to the network. The word "TWO" is the key here, because to connect three or more computers you need completely different equipment and the cable is crimped in a slightly different way.
Having crimped a twisted pair cable by the store, you will spend money only on a cable, connectors and a crimping service. But suppose that the sellers do not know how to crimp the cable. Then you will have to do it yourself. To do this, you will need to buy a twisted pair cable of the required length + 1 meter for crimping experiments, 2 connectors (preferably 4-6 just in case) and a crimping tool. Costs will increase slightly, but you will learn how to crimp a twisted pair. By the way, you can not buy a crimping tool, but borrow it from a computer scientist you know, if you have one.
So, in front of you is a cable, connectors and a crimping tool. Let's proceed to the twisted pair crimping operation.
1. Remove the insulation from the cable about 2 cm from the edge. You will see 4 pairs of twisted colored wires. Their insulation should not be touched.
2. Carefully unwind these colored wires, separate them and place them evenly in the following sequence, as shown in the picture below (on the left is one end of the cable, on the right is the other end). This scheme is called crossover and is only used to connect TWO computers to each other.
3. Cut off the ends of the cable so that a little more than 1 centimeter remains, and insert them into the connectors. The order of the wiring should be as shown in the figure below. In this case, the connectors must be turned with the flat part towards you. The wires should fit snugly into the connector and rest against its end.
4. Now carefully take the connector with the cable and insert it into the larger connector of the crimping tool. Gently, but with force, we press on the handle and ... one end of the twisted pair is crimped. We do the same with the other end of the cable.
If it doesn't work the first time, don't worry. You have another 1 meter of cable and a few spare connectors for experiments.
And finally, the twisted pair is ready.
Now you can physically connect the computers to each other. Insert one end of the cable, or rather the connector on it, into the LAN port of the first computer until you hear a click. Do not press hard, you need to insert gently and without much pressure!
Plug the connector on the other end of the cable into the LAN port of the second computer. Also gently and gently until you hear a click. That's all, physically the computers are already connected to the network. This completes the technical part of the work. Let's move on to setting up operating systems.
For computers to communicate with each other, they must know about each other. Sounds abstract, but it's true. If you just connected two PCs with a cable, the signals they send out won't go anywhere. And all because they do not know where to go, to whom they are intended, in other words, they do not know the destination address and the names of the recipients.
As in real life, in order for information from one computer (let's call it PC1) to safely reach another computer (let's call it PC2), it must know its address and name. Now we will deal with the assignment of names and addresses to our computers.
1.On PC1, click right click click on the "My Computer" icon on the desktop and select "Properties".
2. In the window that opens, select the "Computer name" tab and click the "Change ..." button.
3.Enter the computer name on English language– PC1 and name working group– WORKGROUP. The workgroup name may already be specified (by default it is the same for all Windows computers). In this case, just check that it is WORKGROUP.
4.Click the "OK" button in this and the next window. Then restart your computer for the changes to take effect.
1. On PC1, open the "Start" menu, right-click on "Computer" and select "Properties".
2.Find the "Computer name, domain name, and workgroup settings" section and click "Change settings".
3. In the window that opens, click the "Change ..." button.
4.Enter the computer name in English - PC1, and the workgroup name - WORKGROUP. The workgroup name may already be specified (by default it is the same for all Windows computers). In this case, just check that it is WORKGROUP.
5.Click the "OK" button in this and the next window. Close the Control Panel window and restart your computer for the changes to take effect.
Do the same with the second computer (PC2), only give it the name PC2. The working group on both computers must be the same - WORKGROUP. At the end of the setup, the second computer also needs to be restarted.
We figured out the names. But this is not enough! Now you need to assign a unique address to each computer. But first, a little theory.
The addresses of computers on networks consist exclusively of numbers and are called IP addresses(pronounced "IP", short for Internet Protocol). Moreover, the full address of the computer consists of four blocks of numbers separated by dots: block1.block2.block3.block4
The point after the fourth block is not put! Each block can contain one, two or three digits from 0 to 255. An example of a computer address is 194.65.43.112 or 83.123.43.7
It’s so customary that in local computer networks, to which your home network just belongs, the first two blocks should contain the numbers 192.168, and the next two blocks any from 0 to 255. At the same time, 255 cannot be used at all, and 0 can only be used in the third block. Thus, the address of a computer on a home network can be 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.1.5 or 192.168.0.10, as well as 192.168.4.56, 192.168.43.112, etc.
There are many such combinations, but only those computers that have the same numbers in the third block can communicate with each other. In our example, these are 192.168.0.1 and 192.168.0.10, as well as 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.5. But if the computer 192.168.1.5 wants to send information to the computer with the address 192.168.0.10, then it will fail.
Another important point Note: Two or more computers with the same address cannot be on the same network. Those. if you assigned the address 192.168.1.1 to some PC, you can cross it off the list of free addresses. It is now the property of this PC and cannot be owned by any other computer.
This concludes the theoretical part about computer addresses and move on to practice. Let's assign our PC1 address 192.168.0.100, and PC2 address 192.168.0.6
1. On PC1, click "Start" - "Settings" and double-click "Network Connections".
2.Right click "Local Area Connection" and click "Properties".
3. In the window that opens, select "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)" and click the "Properties" button.
4.Check "Use the following IP address". In the "IP address" field, enter the address of your computer - 192.168.0.100. Click on the "Subnet mask" field - the value corresponding to the computer address will appear there.
5.Click "OK" in this window and "Close" in the next one. Wait a few seconds for the settings to take effect. Close the Network Connections window.
Thus, you have assigned an address to one computer running Windows XP - PC1. Now sit down at another computer (PC2) and do the same, but instead of 192.168.0.100, assign it the address 192.168.0.6
1. On PC1, select "Start" - "Control Panel".
2. In the list, select the "Network and Sharing Center" section. In the window that opens, click "Manage Network Connections".
3.Right click on "Local Area Connection" and select "Properties".
4.Select the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) item and click the Properties button.
5. Check the box "Use the following IP address" and enter the address of your computer in the "IP address" field - 192.168.0.100
Click on the "Subnet mask" field - the value corresponding to the computer address will appear there.
6.Click the "OK" button in this and the next window. Wait a couple of seconds for the settings to take effect and close the Network Connections and Control Panel window.
Thus, you have assigned an address to one computer running OS Windows Vista- PC1. Now sit down at another computer (PC2) and do the same, but instead of 192.168.0.100, assign it the address 192.168.0.6
Having finished assigning addresses, proceed to test the connection on your home network.
2.The Windows command interpreter will open. Here you can type various commands, all commands are entered only in English. So far, we are interested in the only command - the command to check communication with another computer. It is called ping (ping). Now we will ping (from "ping", meaning "ping to ...") PC1 with the address 192.168.0.100
Type in the command interpreter ping 192.168.0.100 (in human language, this means "ping the computer with the address 192.168.0.100") and press Enter on the keyboard. The process has begun, we see how PC2 sends packets, and PC1 responds to them.
Great! There is a connection!
1.On PC2, open the Start menu and select Run. In the field, enter cmd (in English) and click OK.
2.The Windows command interpreter will open. Type in the shell ping 192.168.0.100 and press Enter on the keyboard. There is a connection: PC2 sends packets, and PC1 responds to them.
Response received from PC1! There is a connection!
You can now sit down at PC1 and ping PC2. Also open a command interpreter and use the ping command, but here the computer address will already be 192.168.0.6. Those. in the shell you will need to type ping 192.168.0.6
That's all. There is a connection, computers send and receive packets from each other. Congratulations on the successful networking of two computers!
A local area network or LAN is two or more computers connected directly or through a router (router) and capable of exchanging data. These networks typically cover a small office or home space and are used for shared Internet connections, as well as for other purposes such as file sharing or online gaming. In this article, we will talk about how to build a local network of two computers.
As it becomes clear from the introduction, there are two ways to combine two PCs into a “LAN” - directly, using a cable, and through a router. Both of these options have their pros and cons. Below we will analyze them in more detail and learn how to configure the system for data exchange and Internet access.
With this connection, one of the computers acts as a gateway to connect to the Internet. This means that it must have at least two network ports. one for global network, and the second for local. However, if the Internet is not required or it “comes” without using wires, for example, through a 3G modem, then you can get by with one LAN port.
The connection scheme is simple: the cable is plugged into the appropriate connectors on motherboard or the network card of both machines.
Please note that for our purposes we need a cable (patch cord), which is designed for direct connection of computers. This type is called a "crossover". However, modern equipment is able to independently determine pairs for receiving and transmitting data, so a regular patch cord will most likely also work fine. If problems arise, then the cable will have to be redone or found in the store, which is very difficult.
The advantages of this option include ease of connection and minimum requirements by equipment. Actually, we only need a patch cord and a network card, which in most cases is already built into the motherboard. The second plus is a high data transfer rate, but this depends on the capabilities of the card.
The disadvantages can be called such with a big stretch - this is a reset when reinstalling the system, as well as the inability to access the Internet when the PC is turned off, which is the gateway.
Setting
After connecting the cable, you need to configure the network on both PCs. First you need to assign a unique name to each machine in our "locale". This is necessary in order to software could find computers.
Now you need to configure the sharing of resources on the local network, as it is limited by default. These steps also need to be performed on all machines.
On Windows 7 and 8 this block parameters can be found like this:
In field "Subnet mask" the correct values will be automatically inserted. Nothing needs to be changed here. This completes the setup. Click OK.
We leave the mask by default, but in the fields for the addresses of the gateway and DNS server, specify the IP of the first PC and click OK.
In the "seven" and "eight" you should go to "Network Control Center" from the notification area, and then click on the link "Change adapter settings". Further manipulations are performed according to the same scenario.
The final procedure is to enable internet sharing.
Now the second machine will be able to work not only in the local network, but also in the global one. If you want to exchange data between computers, you will need to perform one more configuration, but we will talk about this separately.
For such a connection, we need, in fact, the router itself, a set of cables and, of course, the corresponding ports on the computers. The type of cables for connecting machines to a router can be called “straight”, as opposed to crossover, that is, the cores in such a wire are connected “as is”, directly (see above). Such wires with already mounted connectors can be easily found in retail.
The router has multiple connection ports. One for receiving the Internet and several for connecting computers. Distinguishing them is easy: LAN connectors (for machines) are grouped by color and numbered, and the port for the incoming signal stands alone and has a corresponding name, usually written on the case. The connection diagram in this case is also quite simple - the cable from the provider or modem is connected to the connector Internet or, on some models, Link or ADSL, and computers to ports signed as "LAN" or Ethernet.
The advantages of such a scheme are the possibility of organizing wireless network and automatic detection of system parameters.
It often happens that there are two computers in the house and it is often necessary to exchange a large amount of information between them. If such an exchange occurs rarely with a small number of files, then the use of a flash drive is logical. Otherwise, it is better to create a home network. It allows you to exchange data between devices within this network at high speed. Let's see how a home network is convenient.
Using a flash drive is not very convenient: files are copied slowly, due to memory limitations, you will have to constantly erase and upload new files, which takes a lot of time. Consider joining two computers through a homegroup. For this purpose, you must have a router installed at home, to which both computers are connected using a network cable or WI-FI connections. To combine two devices to share information, you need to create a homegroup on one of the devices. The computer on which it was created is the main computer on the network. Another device that is a child of the master just needs to be connected to this group.
What steps need to be taken in order to complete the connection:
click on the button "Create a homegroup" and in the section that appears, click "next".
Now, knowing the password, you can connect to the group from any device on the network.
What needs to be done to connect to the host computer:
Now, in order to work with folders and files on the main computer, you need to open the network on the child computer and find the folders that are allowed to be accessed on the main computer. These files can be copied to the child computer, from the child computer to the main computer, and other things provided by the operating system. There may be a situation of no connection when correct settings. The reason may be an antivirus that does not allow connection with other computers. In order to open the connection, you must disable the antivirus while working in the homegroup.
You can connect computers to a network different ways. This can be a local network via a cable, or if there is a router in the room, then through it you can connect computers to common network. If there is no router, then you can connect two laptops via Wi-Fi using their wireless adapters. In this case, it is not necessary to have access to the Internet.
The need for communication between devices arose as technology developed, the volume of information increased, and the scope of the use of computer technology expanded. And if, as a rule, you need to buy a module for a stationary computer wireless communication, then laptops usually have such built-in hardware.
How to connect wirelessly - in our new article
In laptops, the Wi-Fi module is usually combined with Bluetooth, which also allows you to exchange data between them, only at a lower speed, limited distance and low functionality. Wi-Fi allows you to set up a full-fledged local wireless network.
Laptops can be connected through the router desktop computers to a shared local network, no matter how they are connected to the router - via Wi-Fi or a network cable. At the same time, each device will have its own IP address and Internet access, and they will also be able to exchange data with each other. To connect two laptops with a router, do the following:
Only part of the content is available by default local disk. Full access must be configured manually:
Thus, it was possible to connect individual computers to a local network and now you can move between laptops and exchange information without restrictions. In addition, both are connected to the internet. With this method of connecting laptops to each other, some difficulties may arise, for example, connection errors, password prompts, etc. Windows is very capricious in the field of security. Pay attention to the following:
You can check the connection using the command line:
If there are no losses, you did everything right
If there is no router and you are out of range wifi actions, it is still possible to connect two laptops to a local network. In Windows Vista and above, there is special Master creating connections. Computers will communicate through the built-in wireless module, creating a Wi-Fi connection between them.
In this case, one laptop must be configured to transmit a signal, and the second will receive it. Pay attention to their location, concrete walls and other obstacles create obstacles for broadcasting. To avoid mistakes, put both computers side by side, set up, and then experimentally determine how far apart they can be.
Enable the Wi-Fi module on both machines and start setting up the first laptop:
Before connecting a second laptop, you need to change the data access settings. By analogy, how the local network was configured through a router, you need to go to the folder settings or required disks and allow all users full access. If desired, of course, you can allow, for example, only viewing files without changing them. You also need to enable network discovery.
Now on the second laptop you need to search for Wi-Fi networks, select the one you need and click "Connect". You will need to enter a password (the one that we created earlier), after which you can go into any files and folders that are allowed access.
In this way, you can connect as many laptops as you like, not necessarily one. On the distributor wifi computer in the tray there will be a message “Waiting for users to connect”, which indicates that the Computer-Computer network is ready for operation.
With the help of the described simple actions you can quickly transfer files from one device to another without the use of wires, flash drives, removable drives, even when you are somewhere outside the city outside the Internet connection zone. If you have a router in the room, then it would be more logical to configure permanent connection all devices to each other. A complete wireless LAN will allow you to work on different computers, edit and move documents, view photos and videos, will give many other opportunities and eliminate the need for multiple rewriting to removable media.
30.03.2018
30 43 935 0Why might you need to connect one PC to another PC? The goals can be very different - ranging from the desire to play something, to the banal copying of files. Be that as it may, every user who considers his level of knowledge in this area above average should be able to connect a computer to a computer. There is nothing complicated in connecting two computers: it is enough to get a network cable, or a special PC-Link device, with which you can connect 2 computers to each other via USB. So let's get started!
To do this, we will require Internet access. Now you save the file and restart the interface. For example, shared folders can be accessed. To connect two computers, you don't need to set up your entire home network. A crossover network cable is available in every computer business. Then the settings described in the guide are configured on both computers.
Select "Internet Protocol" and then click the "Properties" button. The Internet Protocol Properties window opens. Both computers are assigned different names here. It can be shared folders, shared printers, or other connected devices. Sometimes you may need to connect two computers together in order to play games on a local network connected to the Internet.
You will need:
So, where do we need to start if we have already begun to connect two computers? That's right, with their connection! We insert one end of the twisted pair with a connector into the Ethernet port of a computer or laptop. It looks like this.
The second end, in turn, is inserted into another PC. This completes the physical connection process. But this is not enough - if we connect 2 computers in this way, then we will not get anything but an “empty” network connection. Indeed, in order to connect two computers to each other and use certain functions, they must be configured in a special way, which we will now do.
Select the "Properties" option. 4 Click the "Change settings" link next to the "Computer name, domain, and workgroup" options. A new window will appear. 5 Select the Computer Name tab and click the Change button. 6 Click the Computer Name field and enter a name to give Computer 1, such as Computer 1. 7 Select the Workgroup option and enter a name for the group in this section. Note that the workgroup name is always displayed in all caps. Enter " network connections» in the search bar in the upper right corner of the window. Click "View Network Connections" when the list of options appears. 9 Right-click on "Local Area Connection" and select "Properties". Click "Properties". Enter 0 for the Subnet Mask and 2 for the Default Gateway. You go to a friend's house with a laptop to show him a video of your last vacation in Brazil.
Such a connection is called direct and does not require any special drivers. You need to connect the cable to completely de-energized system units. On each of the computers, you need to open the "Control Panel" window and run Create a new connection in the Network section. Next, you need to choose to create a direct connection to the second computer. When querying on one machine, you must specify "Master", and on the other - "Slave". You will also need to come up with a name, an access password and a method - “via the COM port”. If everything is done correctly, then a new one will appear in the list of connections - in its properties, select the "Connect" command. Although, of course, this method has limitations and cannot be recommended for permanent use. Other options are preferred.
In addition, the network allows for closer interaction and better communication between network members through e-mail, databases, and other methods of information exchange of any kind. Computers connected to a network are called nodes. When the nodes belong to the same building or organization, the network is local, such as a high school network. If the nodes are scattered over more wide area, for example, on the surface of a county or several counties, at the country level or around the world, the network is expanding.
Such a network could be created, for example, at the national level for all institutions of the Ministry of Education and Research. This type of network uses a separate, usually executable, computer that is the "central" computer that handles all the files and runs print services for multiple users. The computer provides fast response to clients, provides better network data protection, and uses an advanced operating system. A network can have multiple servers.
Every modern motherboard has a built-in network card. Its connector resembles a familiar telephone, with the only difference being that it is slightly larger in size. How to connect two computers to each other on Windows 7 using the specified cards? Perhaps this is the easiest way. True, requiring the purchase of a twisted pair cable and the physical connection of system units with it.
Network clients are computers connected to the server, high power or low power, such as speed, memory, etc. A network consists of a group of computers that share equipment, data, and applications, namely hardware and software resources. With the advent of computer networks, each computer hardware manufacturer had its own communication protocols, making it impossible to connect computers from different origins. Depending on the geographical coverage area, computer networks are divided into: Local networks.
Two conditions that must be met on both computers: Ethernet is allowed, drivers are installed for network cards in the operating system. For speeds up to 100 Mbps, a line length of up to 130 meters is acceptable, but a gigabit network operates at shorter distances.
Statistically, more than 60% of the information received in the office is used in the same building or company perimeter. Their volume is limited by the space of the organization, which allows you to connect a large number of computers in a limited geographic space. These networks can connect to other larger networks with communication bridges that provide software and hardware compatibility between the two environments. metropolitan networks. Such a network can link several local networks using special technologies. Large large-scale geographic networks at the continental and planetary levels.
So, one of the cable plugs must be connected to the connector of the first computer, and the other to the second. Next, you need to go to the "Control Panel", from there - to the network management section and use the item that allows you to change additional access settings, where you need to enable network discovery and, if necessary, resource sharing. For trusted networks, it is useful to refuse passwords - this will speed up work.
A star of topological type, in which file server located in the center of the network, and workstations are physically connected to the server. All three messages from the workstation reach the server, which distributes them to the receiving stations. The advantage of a topology is that it can be easily deployed and network failure does not change when the network fails.
Ring topology is characterized by the connection of computers in a network through a communication channel that forms a complete ring. The bus type topology implies a unique two-way link shared between stations. The transmitted messages are received by all stations, choosing the information to which they are assigned. A station failure does not affect network operation, but bus-level failures affect the entire network.
A great alternative is a wireless connection. There is nothing complicated in how to connect two computers to each other via wifi. Especially if you need to organize the connection of two laptops that already have WLAN modules. In personal computers, these components will have to be bought in addition.
First, on the first one, you need to go to "Network Management", select the link responsible for setting up a new connection, and select the "Setting up a computer-to-computer network" item. Next, you need to come up with a name, encryption method and password. In the properties of the network adapter, you will need to go to the "Protocol version 4" and register IP 192.168.0.2. The last thing to do is enable discovery as discussed earlier.
On the second computer, the last digit in this window should be different. After that, you need to use the search for networks in the system tray, select the desired name and enter the access code.
The main condition is that the name of the network must match. This can be done in "My Computer - Properties - Advanced System Settings - Change". For example Home. Next, in the network management section of both systems, you need to select the type " Home network", And in the list on the right - "Ready to create". A window will open requiring you to create a homegroup, which you must agree to. It remains to allow Windows to manage workgroup connections and disable password access. That's all. After the reboot, you can scan the network - the target computers will be displayed there. Additionally, on each of them, you can later open access to resources (drive, hard drive, etc.). Actually, this is a variation of the previous method. The only difference is that a router acts as one WLAN adapter.
