Yandex search query language works according to its own rules, which differ from the query language of others Google search engines, Mail.ru. The main features of the Yandex query language: there is no accounting for morphology, there is a correction of errors and typos, logical and document operators, search for a large volume of objects.
Advanced Search allows you to adjust filters for the best result. Search by region or individual site is available. Specify file type, update date, morphology and language.
Personal search works when the user is authorized in the system. Yandex collects statistics and improves the quality of search for a particular person. Shows search suggestions for queries that the user has previously entered. If a person often visits certain sites, then Yandex marks them as “favorite” and shows them on the search page in the first place, even if they are not in the top.
Search Suggestions save users time by highlighting search phrase options while entering a query.
Family Search is aimed at filtering information of "adult" topics. There are three types of mode: unlimited, moderate and family. Moderate is the default. In this mode, "adult" content is shown with explicit search query. In family mode, it is always not shown, in the "no restrictions" mode - there is no filter.
People search - special service, with which you can find a person. Set the information you know in the conditions: age, place of residence, work or study. The search is conducted on social networks.
For precise searches, use special query operators. Since January 2018, their list has been reduced.
If you have used them before, please note that the operators are no longer supported: ~ & &&<< () !!
Operators still available: - | *! +"
Search for a word in a given form- operator "!". Placed before the word to be found. By default, all searches are carried out without taking into account the morphology of the language, i.e. the word is searched for in any case, declension and number. Use an operator for an exact search, if necessary, use several operators in one query. Example: !cities
Quote search- operator """. Helps you find the exact phrase or passage of text. Insert the required query in parentheses. Example: “I am writing to you, what more”
Search for a quote with a missing word- operator "*". Used when part of the text is omitted from a passage. Applies only in combination with the quote search operator. Example: “In December 2017, the growth of the wage index amounted to * in Moscow”
Search with the desired word- "+" operator. Documents that contain the word with the + operator will be found. The main search word without an operator may not appear on all pages. Use more than one operator in a query if necessary. Example: Story + Triumphal + arch
Search without a specific word- "-" operator. Helps to find pages that have a query, but do not have a word with an operator. You can use multiple operators in the same query. Example: Stanislavsky-Nemirovich-Danchenko Theater
Search by choice- operator "|". Look for pages that contain any word from the query, at least one. Use multiple operators in a query. Example: cinema | movies | series
Webmasters and seo-specialists can use service requests in their work - document operators. They help to get service information about the site. When entering a request, indicate the main mirror of the site. Define the main mirror in Yandex Webmaster. A total of nine operators are available, but the ninth is related to the search in Yandex.Catalog, so it will not be considered.
Page search placed on the url - "url:" operator. Look for all pages starting with the url part - add "*" for the variable part. If the address contains characters () _ ” `, then put quotes around the entire address. Example: url: full page name url: host/category/*
Search by subdomains and site pages- "site:" operator. Searches for all documents related to the site. Example: site: site address
Search by domain- "domain:" operator. Searches through pages on a given domain. Example: domain: domain
Search by host- "host:" operator. Searches for all pages that are hosted on the given host. The host: and url: operators with a hostname work the same way. Example: host: www.site.ru
Search by host- "rhost:" operator. Identical to the host: operator, only the reverse order is required. Example: rhost:ru.site.www
File search- "mime:" operator. Helps to find a word in documents that are located not on a page, but in files. Specify the required format. Available formats: doc, docx, xls, xlsx, rtf, ppt, pdf, odt, swf, odp, odg, pptx, html, ods. Example: mime:rtf
Search in a given language- "lang:" operator. Searchable languages: Russian (ru), German (de), Ukrainian (uk), Kazakh (kk), Belarusian (be), Tatar (tt), English (en), Turkish (tr), French (fr) . Example: lang:fr
Search with time limit- "date:" operator. Look for documents and pages that match certain time periods:
Query language - a specially created language for accessing a search engine. The Yandex language processes requests without regard to morphology, corrects errors and typos, and works with operators.
Yandex has several types of search: extended, family, personal, people. Search hints have been created to speed up the search.
When searching, use operators that look for a word in a given word form or without given words, look for complete quotations and with missing data.
To work, use document operators. They help to search for words within the same domain, subdomain, host, url, time period, as well as within files of the same type, in one of 9 languages.
Work with recommended queries. In the webmaster panel, request recommendations for the site, which will show which pages you need to work on. Check pages with high impression predictions for matching text and queries. Optimize if necessary.
The material was prepared by Svetlana Sirvida-Llorente.
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Often your efficiency is affected by how quickly you can find the information you need. It would seem that there is something complicated here: you drive in a request and get the result. But sometimes it takes hours to find what you need, you have to look through a bunch of sites.
website offers you some simple tricks to help you save time on Google searches.
The simplest command for Google, which makes searching much easier. If you put the text in quotation marks, the search engine starts looking for an exact match of the phrase, with the desired word order. Very often this helps to find the right page without digging through the garbage.
If you forgot a word in a quote - no problem! Just put your entire quote in quotation marks and replace the forgotten word with an asterisk "*"
You looked at an interesting selection on a site about watercolor artists, but you don’t remember what it was called. The site operator is suitable for this. It allows you to specify the site on which you want to search directly in the request. Just be sure to put a colon after site.
Use the ampersand character "&" to quickly find two words that will be in the same sentence. Helps narrow down the search.
Let's say you want to find a salad recipe, but it must be without mayonnaise. Enter a query and put a minus in front of the word you want to exclude.
Let's say you want to find articles about design, but you only get websites for design bureaus, conferences, and exhibitions. You can exclude these words from your search by putting a minus sign in front of them.
In order not to waste time visiting each online store separately, just enter the name of the product and the price range separated by two dots (..).
For example, you are preparing a presentation on the topic “History of Design”. You can be inspired by other people's work on this topic. Enter a title and then filetype:PPT
Calculator. Enter the required action, get an answer and a calculator for further calculations.
A translation of a word. Translating words is also fast. Before the phrase, enter "translate", and after "into" and the desired language.
For example: translate i love creativity into italian
Definition of a word. When someone starts to be smart and throw incomprehensible terms and words, the “define:” operator will come to your aid, and after it enter an incomprehensible word. Google will immediately provide a definition, and you will save time by not going to Wikipedia and other reference sites.
For example: define: creativity
7.1. Searching for information on the Internet
In the modern age of information technology, almost everyone uses the Internet to search for information.
Search engines constantly collect, organize and store information around the world. Search for information in a search engine is carried out on request.
Under request in the search engine, they understand a set of words, phrases, symbols that the user enters into the search bar in order to find the information of interest to him.
Modern search engines allow you to search for voice queries or use an image as a query.
The search result will be a list of sites ( example 7.1 And example 7.2). The number of sites found can be very large, and it is often not possible to view them all. In practice, they usually look at 5-15 sites found first.
Search performance largely depends on the user's ability to correctly formulate a search query. Phrasing a phrase or choosing words to search will provide a more accurate result.
For each of the sites found as a result of the search query, the following statement will be true: "There is information on the site page that matches the search query." All such sites form a set of sites that satisfy the search query.
When constructing a search query, some sites can be excluded from consideration. To do this, a word with a minus sign ("-") in front of it is added to the main query. Sites containing words marked with this "-" sign will not be included in the list of found ( example 7.3 And example 7.4).
The resulting list of sites forms a subset of the set of sites that satisfy the main query. For all such sites, the statement "There is information on the site page that corresponds to the word marked with a -" will be perceived by the search engine as false.
We depict such a search using Euler circles ( A - a lot of sites that satisfy the main request, B- a set of sites excluded with a word marked with a minus):
Search Operators are words or characters added to search queries to refine the results.
The "+" operator allows you to search for documents in which the word behind the symbol is necessarily present. It is acceptable to use multiple "+" operators in one query ( example 7.5). We discussed the "-" operator in the previous paragraph of the paragraph.
The "*" operator replaces any unknown word in the query ( example 7.6).
If you put words or a phrase in quotation marks, the search results will show only those pages on which these words (phrases) are located in the same order as in the query in quotation marks. Quotation marks are used when you need to find the exact word or phrase, quote.
Operator OR(Google search engine) allows you to find pages containing at least one of several words, and corresponds to a logical operation OR(example 7.7). For the Yandex search engine, a similar operator is denoted | .
Some of the operators may not have analogues in other search engines. The operator & of the Yandex search engine searches for documents in which the query words combined by this operator occur in one sentence.
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Example 7.1. Using a search engine, we will find information about the plots of cave paintings.
As a result of the search, more than 160 thousand sites containing the required information were found. Example 7.2. Using a search engine, we will find information about the Scandinavian mountains for a geography lesson.
As a result of the search, 160,000 sites containing the required information were found. You can switch to the "Pictures" section and view graphic images that match the query.
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Example 7.3. Using a search engine, we will find information about bacteria in human life for a biology lesson.
As a result of the search, more than 1 million sites containing the required information were found. If we are not interested in bacteria that cause diseases, then the search query can be changed by adding “-disease” at the end:
The number of sites found was reduced to 428,000. Example 7.4. Using a search engine, let's find the meaning of the concept of "shield" for a geography lesson. If you enter this word in the search bar, more than 20 million sites will be found, and on the first few pages there is information about TV shows, movies, stores. To clarify information
The number of links will be reduced to 7 million 270 thousand, the information you are looking for can be viewed at the second link. |
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Example 7.5. Let's make a request to search for information about the writers of the Renaissance: M. de Cervantes,
Example 7.6. Let's make a query to search for the full quote "The clouds ... are dispersing, Dawn ... is rising;". Who is the author of this phrase and in what work does it occur? We will replace the ellipsis in the search query with *.
Example 7.7. Find information about sodium or potassium for a chemistry lesson. Let's compare the results of the queries "sodium potassium" and "sodium OR potassium".
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1 What is a query in a search engine?
2 How to exclude certain records from the search scope?
3 What operators can be used in search queries?
Finding the right information on the Web is not as easy as it might seem at first glance. Search engines “get smarter” every year, but they have not yet learned how to read the minds of users.
For example, when receiving the request "Napoleon", Yandex does not know what the user is interested in: a historical figure and his biography, a cake recipe, or a type of grill installation in general. It's just one word with many meanings.
In order for the correct sites to be displayed on the search results page, you need to clarify your request, specify it. And for this there is a language of search queries "Yandex". We will talk about what it is and how to use it further.
The Yandex search language is a set of special tools (operators) that allow you to refine the user's request, make it more specific and focused on a specific category of data.
As a result, there are no unnecessary links and documents in the search results, which greatly facilitates the process of finding the necessary information.
All operators are divided into two groups:
The simple ones are:
Note that the following operators no longer work: tilde "~", brackets "()", single "&" and double and "&&", double less than "<<» и двойной восклицательный знак «!!».
Documents include:
Document statements are always appended with a colon ("url:", "site:", "domain:", etc.) followed by its value.
To date, these are all working "assistants". Next, we will look at each of them in more detail: what they mean, how they affect the issuance and how to apply them.
In order for the search engine to search only those pages that necessarily contain a particular keyword (preposition), you must put a + sign in front of it. In one request, several pluses can be used at once.
The remaining (unchecked) words will not always be contained on the pages in the SERP.
In the syntax of Yandex search queries, there is also an exception sign - minus. That is, instead of marking the word of interest, the user can mark something that does not interest him. Therefore, the search engine will exclude sites with the specified keyword.
Let's return to the very first example of this article - to Napoleon. Let's say we are interested in the cake recipe. To exclude everything superfluous from the output, it is enough to add two words with a minus sign:
As a result, we will see only cake recipes, although the word "cake" itself was not used.
Here are a couple more examples of using this operator:
! (Exclamation point)
By default, the search engine looks for matches in any morphological form (case, gender, number, declension, etc.). To prevent this from happening and the word form is preserved in a given form, it is necessary to put an exclamation mark before the word.
For example:
“ “ (quotes)
Quotation marks are used when it is necessary to find an exact match of a phrase. Often used to search for the primary source in a passage of text.
For example:
(square brackets)
This Yandex search query language operator allows you to save word order. That is, the results will show only those sites where the keywords are used in exactly the same order.
Most commonly used in geographic queries where it is important to capture direction. For example, searching for tickets one way but not the other:
* (asterisk)
The presence of an asterisk in the query indicates a missing word that the search engine needs to find. If the user does not remember part of the quote, he can replace it with an asterisk (there are as many words as there are missing and symbols *).
Important! Applies only in combination with quotation marks.
| (straight line)
The forward stroke is equivalent to the union "or". It is used when it is necessary to find matches for at least one of the listed keywords.
For example:
Thus, if the site contains at least one of the keys, it will be included in the search results.
This document operator allows you to search among pages that have the specified URL. Part of the address can be replaced by the symbol *, which means that this part can change.
That is, we give a direct hint to Yandex where exactly to look.
For example:
This operator is similar to the previous one, only the search will be carried out not in a specific section, but throughout the site (including all subdomains and web pages).
Let's say we have a favorite resource, and we want to search for information on it first. Then we write:
Allows you to filter the results by the domain zone of web pages.
That is, if, say, you need to find information on sites with the .ru domain, write "domain: ru". Resources ending in .com, .ua, .net, etc. will not be shown.
Two similar operators - "host:" and "rhost:" - allow you to search for information on pages hosted on a specified host.
The result is identical to "url:" if a hostname is given. You can also optionally use *.
"host:" - the entry is made from the lower-level domain to the upper-level domain. For example:
"rhost:" - entry from the top-level domain to the bottom. For example:
The Yandex query language also allows you to filter the output by the format of the documents found (doc, pdf, rtf, etc.). This is done using the "mime:" operator. It is enough to add it to the request and specify the required format. Anything that doesn't match will not be shown.
For example:
If you need to find sites in a specific language, this "assistant" will allow you to do this. Today Yandex supports the following languages: ru (Russian), uk (Ukrainian), kk (Kazakh), be (Belarusian), tt (Tatar), en (English), de (German), fr (French), tr ( Turkish).
Examples of using:
The "date:" operator allows you to filter the output according to the specified date. Moreover, you can search for materials published both on a specific day / month / year, and for a certain time interval:
For example:
The Yandex search query language is a large list of various "helpers", each of which has its own purpose. You may never need some of them, but if at least one of them makes it easier for you to find information on the Web, this article was written for good reason.
Use the above operators in your work. Do not forget about other useful Yandex tools as well: advanced search (setting filters for the best result), personal search (when the system remembers the preferences of authorized users), search suggestions, etc.
The problem of searching on the World Wide Web is not that there is little information, but that there is a lot of it. Searching for information on the Internet is the cornerstone of effective web browsing. Possession of search skills makes the Internet useful for the user both during work and during leisure.
To organize the search on the Internet, there are specialized services called search engines.
Search engines are a software and hardware complex with a web interface that provides the ability to search for information on the Internet.
Most search engines look for information on World Wide Web sites, but there are also systems that can look for files on FTP servers, items in online stores, and information on Usenet newsgroups. To search for information using a search engine, the user formulates a search query. At the request of the user, the search engine generates a page of search results. Such search results can combine different types of files, for example: web pages, images, audio files. Some search engines also pull data from databases and resource directories on the Internet.
The purpose of a search engine is to find documents that contain either keywords or words related to the keywords in some way. The search engine is better, the more documents relevant to the user's query, it will return. Search results can become worse due to the peculiarities of the algorithms. For example, for a request for pets, the Yandex search server (see more about it below) provides more than 14,000,000 links to pages that contain the information it needs. However, not everything is so smooth: when visiting some of the pages found, it turns out that the information they are looking for is not enough, or even not at all.
To search with maximum efficiency, you need to know how search engines work and correctly compose a request for information search.
Search engines work by storing information about many web pages that they get from HTML pages. The main components of the search engine: search robot, indexer, search engine. Systems usually work in stages. First, the crawler gets the content, then it crawls the content of the websites. Only then does the indexer generate a searchable index. An indexer is a module that analyzes a page, after splitting it into parts, using its own lexical and morphological algorithms.
The work of most modern search engines is based on the citation index, which is calculated by the indexer as a result of analyzing links to the current page from other Internet pages. The more of them, the higher the citation index of the analyzed page, the higher this page will be displayed in the search results and the higher the page will be presented in the list of found resources.
As already noted, there are many search engines on the Internet, domestic and foreign.
Russian search servers: Yandex (www.yandex.ru); Rambler (www.rambler.ru); Aport (www.aport.ru) and Gogo (www.gogo.ru).
Foreign search servers: Google ( www.google.com); Altavista (www.altavista.com) and Yahoo! (www.yahoo.com).
Russian servers are better suited for searching in Russian, foreign servers are better suited for searching in a foreign language, although Google does a good job of searching in many languages. Despite the claims of many search engine owners that queries can be written in almost the language that people use to communicate with each other, this is far from being the case. Thanks to the introduction of new language technologies, search engines have become much better at understanding the user. Search engines are now looking not only for the requested word, but also its word forms, which allows you to make search results more accurate. For example, if the search query contains the word smart, then its results will contain not only this word, but also its derivatives: smart, smart, as well as the mind and even the mind. Naturally, pages with word forms will not be among the first search results, but there are elements of artificial intelligence. This fact is useful to take into account when constructing search queries.
It should be remembered that search engines do not take into account the case of characters when processing a request, and it is not necessary to use punctuation marks in search queries, since they are also ignored by search servers. However, when building complex advanced queries, search results for which are usually much closer to what you expect, traditional punctuation marks are used. Most search engines can deal with typos. If it seems to the search server that there is a mistake or a typo in the word, it will warn about this with the same phrase: Perhaps you were looking for ....
There is an expression "The machine must work, the man must think," and it is said just about such a situation. The task of the user when compiling a search query is to highlight the keywords, the task of the search server is to process the entered query in the best possible way. Let's consider an example illustrating typical mistakes of novice users when searching the Internet. The search engine did not return useful results for the query "Mysteries about musical instruments". Then the user decides to correct the request by supplementing it and writing: “Riddles for children about musical instruments” - the search results turned out to be even worse than the previous one. For this example, a good solution was to search for the keyword "riddles". There are many such sites on the Internet, and by going to the site itself and searching a little through its sections, it is quite possible to find the information of interest. We formulate several rules for compiling queries:
To provide a more efficient search on the Internet, search engines provide the possibility of advanced search, as well as search using a query language. Advanced search - the ability to search with many different parameters. To do this, search engines provide separate pages on which you can set such parameters. The principles of advanced search are similar for most search engines.
Let's consider additional search options using the examples of Yandex and Google search engines, because Yandex is the most popular search engine on the Russian-speaking Internet, and Google is the most popular search engine in the world. When searching the Internet, Yandex was one of the first to take into account the morphology of the Russian language, that is, to use various forms of the word, as mentioned above. Having entered the site www.yandex.ru, the user can enter a query and immediately receive search results, or you can use the Advanced search link using the icon and go to the corresponding page (see the figure below), where you can fine-tune the search parameters.
Let's consider additional features that can be used on the advanced search page: specify your own location (Moscow), specify in what form the information should be presented (File type), the period of time in which we are looking for information (for a day, for 2 weeks, for a month, from ..Do), in what language the information should be presented (Russian, English More), and you can also specify the URL of the site, etc.
The choice (Exactly as in the query) is indicated to the search engine in order not to change the morphology of the query words, but to search only for the form of the word that is specified.
Query language is a command system that allows you to change query parameters from the main search string using special commands. Aimed at advanced users.
Since the query language is quite complex and voluminous, we present only its main constructions, which may be most in demand by users. Some commands of the Yandex query language are presented in the table.
|
Operator |
Description |
Syntax |
Request example |
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Search for documents in which the selected word is necessarily present. It is acceptable to use multiple + operators in the same query. |
"word 1 + word 2" |
Documents will be found that necessarily contain the words "Boulevard" and "Moscow" and may contain the word "Sholokhov". |
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Quote search. Search for documents containing query words in a given sequence and form. |
"word 1 word 2 ... word N" |
Documents containing the given quote will be found. |
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Search by quote with missing word(s). One * operator matches one missing word. Attention! Used only as part of the operator. |
"word 1 * word 2 ... word N" The operator is separated by spaces. |
Documents containing the given quote, including the missing word, will be found. Documents containing the given quote, including missing words, will be found. |
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The full structure of the Yandex query language can be found on the Help page (http://help.yandex.ru/search/?id=481939). The language of search queries in Google differs from Yandex, although there are some common points. Consider some of the basic commands of this language by examining the table (see below)
The full structure of the Google query language can be found on the Help page:
