The work of an SEO specialist never ends. You can spend a lifetime tweaking your website and still find something to improve. But how to identify the most important site errors quickly? To do this, we have created this checklist for a quick SEO site audit.
The implementation of this audit uses its own set of tools that will help: crawl the site, analyze site errors, check redirects and broken links, view titles and meta tags on landing pages and images, etc. You can use other auditing tools instead of these.
So:
First, check how many pages of your site are in the Google index, using a query in address bar browser site:yoursite.com.ua
Do the same with Yandex:
Check the results for your site: Is the site indexed well, are all pages in the results? Or perhaps there are extra pages and subdomains that should be closed.
A quick audit is useful, but due diligence is more invaluable.
In order to thoroughly crawl the site, we use:
The latter seems to us more convenient in terms of a thorough definition of errors, since at least it is Russified.
If you are using another tool, then make sure that it is able to crawl all resources on the site (subdomains, JavaScript, CSS, images, videos, Flash, etc.).
This crawl usually only takes a few minutes, but the time will vary depending on the size of your site.
Once you've crawled your site, consider anything that's preventing your site from being indexed well. These are errors such as: wrong sitemap, robots.txt, HTTP response errors, etc.
Sitemap
If you are using a tool or plugin for automatic control your sitemap, you should be able to automatically generate XML sitemaps or upload, view, and validate an existing Sitemap.
If you are not using the sitemap tool, you will have to manually view your sitemap. Either way, you need to make sure your sitemap is up to date.
After you have updated your sitemap, check it for errors in Google Search Console. Just log in to your account, go to the page
Crawl > Sitemaps,
and then click the Add button. Enter your site's URL and click the Test button to see if Google finds any errors while parsing your sitemap.
Robots.txt file
A page can be blocked from indexing for a variety of reasons. The reason for this may be the tag " NoIndex" in section<HEAD>, X-Robots-Tag in the HTTP header, or robots.txt itself blocks the page. Check out the robots.txt instructions and see if there are any important pages that are being blocked. If they are, you need to add an allow rule to enable indexing.
HTTP errors
HTTP errors (response code 5xx) are responsible for many indexing errors. Check your site for such errors by going to the page
Scan > Scan Errors
in your Google Search Console.
Make sure your site has 404 a page that, in the first place, should connect your visitors to important pages on your site.
To re-crawl the page, log in to your Google Search Console, go to the page
Scan > Get,
Like Google, enter the URL of the updated page, and click the Fetch button.
301/302 redirect
Check that there are no incorrect redirects of visitors to the wrong page. This is a potential SEO issue. Use a 302 redirect to tell search engines that you are temporarily redirecting visitors and the missing page will return shortly. Thus, on a 302 redirect, the search engine will not negate the quality of the page (such as PageRank, trust, etc.), which will be in the case of a 301 redirect. It's ok if you're doing something like testing new page, but you should be aware of the nuances of 301/302 redirects.
Meta tags
Titles titles play a very important role in site promotion, this tag has the most weight in the eyes of the search engine (after title) as it is essentially the title of the document and contains basic information about the content that the user sees on the site page. Therefore, they should be informative and contain traffic-generating relevant words. Use 50-60 characters for the title
The meta tag "description" also has an important role, should not repeat the title and should be unique. Can be used by search engines in search results snippets. If this tag is absent, then part of the text from the page will be pulled into the snippet. Use 150-160 characters for description.
It is more correct not to use the "keywords" meta tag, since search engines practically do not take it into account, but if a lot of search phrases are written in it, then this may even be perceived as spam.
Headings H1 - H6
The most important headings are H1 and H2. Moreover, H1 should be one per page. The absence of the H1 header lowers the page ranking in the search results and negatively affects the website promotion. In addition, they must be informative. Headings are important ranking factors on a page. Use them to target specific queries that users are likely to search for. Use in H2, H3 headings, etc. targeted secondary keywords if needed.
Avoid Duplicate Titles and Meta Descriptions
E-commerce sites in particular suffer from duplicate content, or meta descriptions that read very similarly. Duplicate content can be confusing search engines to the point where they don't rank any of your pages, so try to keep your content as unique as possible.
REL tag = "canonical" pages
If you have duplicate content on multiple pages (pagination), then you need to specify which page is the master page by setting it as the canonical URL. Each page must have no more than one canonical URL.
HTML and CSS markup errors
Code errors will slow down your website, some pages are too big because of this, this is also a negative site ranking factor.
URLs
Dynamically generated URLs are often difficult to read and therefore do not carry any information. Try fixing dynamic URLs. Shorten long URLs. Recent evidence suggests that URLs with 35-40 characters dominate search listings. Sure, long URLs can rank well, but try to be as short as possible.
Content
Since the launch of Panda, high quality content has been the defining factor for a great site. In other words, you must ensure that each of your pages has sufficient content and that the content is unique and valuable. You can use many free grammar and uniqueness checking tools like text.ru.
Use at least 250 words per page. Make text easy to read. Break it down with headings, pictures, graphics, and lists. Don't duplicate content.
The most common tool for such analysis is ahrefs.com. Paid, but there is a free version. Link profile dynamics, anchor list audit and even social behavioral factors - this tool is the best so far.
Anchor list audit:
A new dynamic and rapidly developing tool for website analysis - serpstat.com. Today this tool will help you with keyword analysis, link analysis, position monitoring, website audit and many other useful things. It will give an understanding of the visibility of the site in comparison with competitors.
Download speed must be at least 85 points. This indicator is very significant not only for SEO promotion, but also for improving performance. contextual advertising. You can check the speed.
It's no secret that the amount of mobile traffic in the world is growing every day. Lack of mobile adaptation - the absence of a large part of users. Although in direct proportion this factor does not negatively affect SEO, but worsening the behavioral factors in terms of mobile users, it reduces at least the conversion. You can check.
Be mobile.
You did it! While this is far from the limit of the optimization you could do on your site, it is a great start and one that will ensure that your website stays healthy and up to date. Of course, if you're feeling particularly ambitious (and have a little more free time), you can do a full site audit. However, you will not find an ideal and complete audit checklist, but over time you can create it yourself :)
By all rules, it takes from several months. In the face of fierce competition, young projects cannot afford this. If you want to reach the first position, you need to be able to quickly optimize the site.
Perfection must be strived for, but one wants to harvest the fruits at this moment, without putting them off for the future. Start quickly so that later you can smoothly continue to conduct SEO optimization of the website. Find mistakes or points of growth that you need to work on at the moment, they can give instant results. Only then can you allocate time for revision and elimination of errors.
Semantics is the main stage in the internal optimization of the site. It cannot be carried out “in haste”, then you will have to rewrite all the content and change the semantics. At the same time, you can fill in each rubric separately, selecting the core gradually. The ideal option will use the main queries, leave the clarifications for the future.
For example, the queries “autumn jacket”, “jacket with a hood” are good because they have a specific topic that people are interested in. But leave the query “autumn jacket with a red hood” for subsequent articles, now it makes no sense. In the subsequent SEO optimization of the website, the use of these keys is mandatory.
It is worth spending time on navigation analysis, thanks to it you will be able to correctly place the main landing pages, optimized for traffic requests, and competently carry out the SEO optimization process of the site. This stage should be dealt with immediately after compiling the semantic core in order to find key queries that are worthy of a place in the main menu of the resource.
To save time and get more impact, find the queries that are most popular with users. Now select the most frequent of them and create pages specifically for these keywords. Use less high-frequency queries when filling these pages.
This stage is similar to semantics in that you need to spend a lot of time on each task. Most people know, but only a few use the separation of tasks by priority.
Conduct a complete analysis of your site to identify problems. Make a list, then divide the problems into major and minor. To understand these categories, analyze what elimination of shortcomings will bring a positive effect in the SEO optimization of the site. Send the list to the programmer explaining the bugs that need to be fixed first.
Important! This approach will not only achieve the correct SEO optimization of the website, but also save time.
Regardless of the amount of content, every headline needs to be optimized. Competent SEO optimization of the website will allow you to achieve high positions in search engines and increase traffic. There are two configuration options: manual and creating rules for dynamic substitution. The first one is suitable for information resources promoting their services. Online stores can use the second method, because the number of goods is huge, it makes no sense to spend time on each one.
These two options have the same goal - to increase conversions to your resource. Write a unique and catchy title for each page, which will be intelligently optimized and interesting to people.
You should not listen to the advice of people who write that the description does not make any sense. Yandex really uses any excerpt for the snippet, while Google displays only the description that you personally compiled. This part directly affects the position, because in the description you can and should use keywords. A catchy description will grab people's attention and increase your CTR. It is worth making a conclusion: SEO optimization of an Internet site is directly related to description meta tags.
The main task of the site headings is to make the visitor understand the essence of the text that he is about to read. In the pursuit of CTR, most people forget about this, which is why the visitor leaves a couple of seconds after visiting the page. In the title, you should make clear the value of your article and convince the visitor that he needs to spend time on your resource.
We understand how to write the right headings for the content of the site in this article
In addition to the main heading, there are secondary ones - h2-h6, which also affect SEO optimization website. They help to divide the article into parts by meaning. In addition, they should keep the visitor on your site, giving him an impetus to read the text. The correct placement of secondary headings has a huge impact on the internal optimization of the site.
Links work, especially when promoting a site in Google. It happens that even at large portals, some articles are not indexed immediately, negatively affecting the position of the resource in search engines. To remedy this situation, it is often enough to buy a couple of links from trust resources. Thanks to this stage, you can not only drive the article into the index, but also help it take first positions in search engines.
It was complete guide on quick site optimization for beginners and advanced webmasters. Internal website optimization is the main point in its promotion in search engines. There is simply no point in planning each stage and thinking through it to the smallest detail at first. You are wasting time while the resource does not develop in any way. It is necessary to create a project, conduct testing, launch it, fill it with content, and then correct errors. Visitors will constantly come to you, and in the course of improvements you will not lose anything, the resource will also continue to develop.
SEO is subject to everyone, including webmasters with no experience and no big budget. Together with our affiliate Vladimir Druganov, we looked at 10 free SEO tricks for your travel website using real examples. The results from the examples were achieved for free or almost for free, so you should not compare the achievements with paid promotion methods. You can use these features in addition to your self-promotion strategy.
Positions and attendance are the main indicators of the effectiveness of SEO promotion. For the sake of objectivity, we will consider more complex examples - requests with high competition and a commercial component. We have two topics and two pages:
Both topics can be monetized using the CPA model - selling insurance and offering a service to check the possibility of going abroad. In both topics, “there is money,” which means there is competition. You can see it without tools, just look at the issue.
Positions in Yandex:
Traffic in the last 12 months:
Positions on Google:
Being cute for Yandex and Google at the same time is possible, and moreover, the basic principles of promotion are similar. However, the situation when one search engine prevails over another is very common. Including in our examples, an example of a page in the Yandex TOP is practically not presented at the beginning Google SERPs for similar queries, and vice versa, the example of a page in the Google TOP has modest results in Yandex. Let's analyze the tricks for each PS separately.
SEO starts before the page is created. The first thing you need to know is how users search for information. To do this, use Yandex.Wordstat or see tips in search line. For example, follow this link to find out exactly how people search for a product. For example, you will find out that they specify the query “health insurance”, also people care about the price and answers to various questions, for example, “do I need insurance”, etc.
Use the received keywords inside the article, focusing on the density indicator. Keyword density is a measure of how often keywords are used in a text. For verification, there are special services:
The younger the site, the more careful you need to be. For projects up to a year old, it is worth staying within 3%. For older sites, the bar can be raised, but you should not go beyond 6%. For spamming keywords, you can get sanctions from the PS for trying to manipulate the issuance. In our example, the page has the following density values:
Only the lazy did not say that the article should be unique. But do not forget that the article also has headings. They must also be unique. Moreover, the site, as a rule, has two headings at once:
Use them to promote. To do this, use keywords inside the title, while putting the most frequent and important ones at the beginning of the title. Try to choose a unique text, do not copy the same title for the hundredth time.
Title and title can and should ideally be different. In this case, the title on the site should be framed in
The same applies to subheadings within an article. Break information into logical blocks, separate them with meaningful subheadings.
Use everything possible ways providing content:
Optimization according to all the rules can take several months or even years. Therefore, it is so important to be able to optimize sites in a hurry. This will bring results at the very beginning of the project, while you are up to your neck busy with current tasks, the author believes. SearchEngineJournal.com Stoney deGeyter. Agency Search Engine Manager Elena Godulyanova translated and adapted his article for SEOnews.
Best the enemy of the good.
folk wisdom
Maybe it's just about SEO.
I am a perfectionist and tend to focus on details. Therefore, I often pay attention to the little things to the detriment of the project as a whole.
I'm not saying that you shouldn't strive for perfection. But sometimes it's better to do something in a hurry, and improve later. Almost all software developers have adopted this model. We create, test, launch, fix bugs, improve.
And you know what? A similar model can be used in Internet marketing as well. It is called "gathering fruit from the lower branches." ( It's about that it is easiest to pick from a tree those fruits that hang low. After all, this requires almost no effort. - approx. translator.)
In short, here's what you need to do: find the mistakes that can be fixed as quickly as possible and / or the most promising growth points - and deal with them first. Everything that takes time or does not give an instant effect, put it off for later. But not forever, but only until the moment when you get the first results.
There are many things in SEO that can be done relatively quickly. Each site will have its own list, but I usually start with the following points.
“Wait! - you say, - Semantics does not pick up quickly! I will take a breath, come closer and say: "Maybe quickly, if you are not trying to do everything at once." (Sorry, the aspiring novelist in me speaks. Having already written 40,000 words!)
The fact is that this process must be divided into several stages. Too many keywords fit most sites. If you try to dig everything at once, you will most likely be buried under their rubble.
Start with the main themes and phrases. Pick unique queries that people are looking for your products or services, and discard all refinements.
Good examples: winter trousers, winter jackets, mittens, snowmobiles, etc.
Bad examples: ski jacket with fur hood, parka jacket red, long waterproof jacket, etc.
Don't think these keywords are quite relevant. It's just better to pick them up later, not now. Now you don't need to complicate anything. You need to find unique phrases that will help build site navigation.
The next step is to collect the main keywords and find out which ones are worthy of a place in the main menu. You should have a list of unique phrases, each of which deserves its own landing page. And now it's time to design those pages!
Let's take a clothing store as an example. Standard categories in it can be trousers, tops And dresses. But when choosing semantics, it may turn out that users are also looking for clothes by season. Let's say they ask queries like Summer clothes, winter clothes And evening dresses. Or they may find that they enjoy choosing from their favorite brand, especially since many online stores offer this option.
You can find unique search terms that have exactly the same meaning. Don't create separate landing pages for them. Determine which of the queries are the most frequent, and develop pages for them. The rest of the queries can be saved for future use in corporate blog posts.
If you pay close attention to navigation from the very beginning, you can place a whole set of landing pages on the site that are optimized for user requests.
Most site architecture issues cannot be resolved quickly. But some can.
You need to run tools for analyzing the site, highlight those tasks that can be completed quickly, and postpone the rest for later. Almost always, you can quickly fix broken links, and some other errors too. Each site is individual. The same problem is easily solved on one resource and with difficulty on another.
The best way to divide tasks into quick and labor intensive is to make a general list of problems and set a priority for each. The priority level is determined by the extent to which fixing the bug will help ensure promotion results. Send the list to your programmer and offer to start with high priority, low time items. Then move on to medium-priority tasks. Then repeat the whole process.
This approach will give you quick results and will not allow you to get bogged down in large-scale improvements that consume much more resources.
No matter how many pages your site has, ten or one hundred, setting title tags in all sections will be a great support for subsequent more thorough optimization. Not only can these tags boost your rankings, but they can also increase your click-through rate. After all, the page title is the first thing users see in search results.
There are two ways to optimize title tags. One is to customize each tag. The other is to create a rule for dynamic substitution. Most sites promoting services will do manual setting, while online stores may use the rules.
In both cases, the goal is the same. It is necessary to write a unique and compelling title for each page, which will help improve its position in the search results and encourage the user to go to the site.
Description meta tags are written using the same methods as used for title tags. Description tags by themselves do not help improve rankings. However, they can have a noticeable impact on click through rates, since the content of this tag is usually displayed in a snippet.
If I had to choose between improving rankings and increasing click-through rates, I would choose click-through rate!
The main purpose of the header, especially at the top of the page, is to let the user know which page he has landed on. The top heading should show whether it got there or not. If the page doesn't answer the user's question, there's no point in keeping it.
But if the user has landed on the right page, he should know about it. Moreover, when viewing a page, other headings (for example, those given by h2 - h6 tags) should reinforce the main one ( given by tag h1).
However, this is not the only purpose of the title tag. No less important is another: to involve the reader in the interaction with the content. The title should make the user read the text on the page.
Well, it's true, it's the basics of marketing. Don't make your headlines SEO friendly. Create headlines that are worth reading. Headlines that will make the user linger and not lose interest in the site.
Once you have decided everything quick tasks according to SEO, you can move on to more thorough and painstaking optimization. What this process will be is up to you, but there are many tools that will help in this matter.
Don't worry if you make any mistakes during the "quick" part. Right now you can fix them. But, most likely, any actions will have only a minor effect. Everything you do in the future will be just an addition to the work already done.
Optimization according to all the rules can take several days, months or even years. Therefore, it is so important to be able to optimize sites in a hurry. This approach allows you to get results at the very beginning of the project, while you are busy with current, time-consuming tasks.
Don't let the best be the enemy of the good. First, do a quick SEO and only then do the optimization according to all the rules.
Elena Godulyanova, i-Media search promotion department manager
Not everyone understands that SEO is not a setting that can be instantly “turned on” or “turned off” (“You turned SEO off for me!” - a real phrase that I heard from one of the clients).
SEO is a long and systematic process, and the task of the first month is technical improvements and site setup. Do not rush to implement a long-term strategy! You will have plenty of time for this. The first step is to eliminate all technical errors. After all, a search engine is a robot, albeit with rudiments artificial intelligence. When ranking, he first of all evaluates the correctness of the site settings, and only then its content and benefits for visitors.
Now I will show you the DIY SEO method I used to get my website up to 5,000 unique daily visitors in just 9 months. Moreover, I promoted my site from scratch, exclusively on my own and for free.
I called this method "Impact site promotion". It differs in many ways from what is usually offered as a “recipe for SEO promotion”. But the main thing is that it works, and you can repeat it.
In this article, we will talk about the promotion of the site with the help of articles. That is, we will not buy any links. Exclusively white safe methods - they wrote an article, optimized it, brought it to the TOP, repeated this scheme 50 - 100 times. That's all promotion =)
And the very first step is choosing the right keyword for your article.
I hope you already know that you can’t write articles on the site “just like that”. Be sure to choose in advance a specific key query for which you will optimize your article. For example, this article is optimized for the query “do-it-yourself seo promotion”. That's why I put this phrase in the title.
Without it search robots they just don't understand what your article is about. Although they are very smart, they are still robots.
And our task is to choose key queries that:
Collecting a pool of such keywords is called compiling a semantic core. And if it seems to you that it is difficult and long, it seems to you right. But it is better to spend a couple of weeks choosing 30 queries now than to spend a couple of years writing articles and not achieve anything in the end.
Let's say we want to write an article about how blogging is great and cool. We come up with such a title for the article - "Why you need to keep your blog." It would seem that the topic will certainly be of interest to a wide range of readers.
But to check, we first go to Yandex.Wordstat. This is a free tool that will immediately show you the exact popularity of a particular query. Enter the selected key in the line and click "Pick up".
As seen in the screenshot above - given request has 0 views per month. So no one is looking for him, and no one needs him. Please note that I put the request in quotation marks. So Yandex.Wordstat shows the exact frequency. If you leave the query without quotes, it will show completely wrong numbers.
We conclude that the keyword needs to be changed. But what is the best way to formulate it? We begin to enter our main word “blog” into the Wordstat line and add interrogative words - “how”, “what”, “why”.
And here we already get a very wide field for activity. We take each keyword that we like and put it in quotes to check the exact frequency. As a result, we get:
Now that's another matter. If our article is in the TOP on request for 1500 impressions per month, then we will definitely get good traffic. But that's not the end of the story. Will we be able to break into the first places for this request? Let's now turn to another tool.
To check the level of competition in requests, we will use a service called " Mutagen". It is paid, but every day you can do 10 free checks. Yes, and paid checks are very inexpensive - a few kopecks apiece.
The essence of this service is that it compares many different indicators of sites that are in first place in the search results for a particular query, and concludes how easy or difficult it will be for these sites to “move”.
For example, we take the same request that we found with you - “what is a blog”, enter it into the Mutagen check line and press Enter.
This query shows competition "more than 25". This is the maximum level of competition that Mutagen shows. That is, breaking into the TOP for this key will be as difficult as possible. We are not satisfied with this.
If your resource is not yet strongly promoted, then it is better to choose keywords with a competition level of 5-7 or even lower. So what do we do with this topic? Abandon the idea and write an article about something else?
Not necessarily. Now we need to try to reformulate the request so that it has a significantly reduced level of competition, and the number of requests does not fall very much. And the first thing you should try to do is to lengthen the keyword with additional words.
Now that's better. Suppose this query option has only 28 views per month. It is better to take it for the article, because it has a level of competition of only 7. If you come out on top for this key, then it is likely that Yandex will put you in the TOP for a wider one.
Many people believe that the more words in a key query, the fewer views it will have (because people are too lazy to manually enter long keywords). But as you can see, this is not always the case. We further lengthened our key, and got a competition level of only 4, and almost 200 net views.
This is the perfect key to writing an article. We stop at it and proceed to the next stage - writing an article that deserves the first place in the TOP.
The amount of money in your pocket directly depends on the amount of traffic on your site. And the amount of traffic depends on the number of articles you posted. The more articles, the more traffic. Everyone knows this, but for some reason articles are still “not written”.
And here I will give you a couple of life hacks that will help you write less and get more traffic.
I recommend that all owners of content sites write articles for their own resource. So you will immediately bypass the numerous competitors who hire copywriters for this business. Here's my opinion - a copywriter will never write an article well enough.
Firstly, he is not an expert in the topic on which you made your site. This will be immediately noticeable by the amount of "water" and banal advice in the articles.
Secondly, a copywriter is not the owner of the site, and he will not be killed much in order for the article to turn out to be really high-quality and quite voluminous.
And thirdly, what is called “copywriting” today is actually rewriting in 95% of cases. That is, a freelancer takes several articles on a given topic, crosses them with each other, adds some water, and that's it. Even different services to check the uniqueness of the text and show "95-100% uniqueness" of such texts - Yandex and Google have their own verification algorithms.
Non-unique content is what search engines are now actively fighting. And if you start doing things that no one else does (that is, writing unique author's articles with really valuable content on your own), you will be immediately noticed and put in the TOP.
One of the questions that I get asked the most is something like this: “Dmitry, why do you write such long articles for the site? Nobody reads them." In fact, they are reading. And the longer the article, the more on average a person spends on the site (within reasonable limits, of course).
I can name at least 5 reasons why you should also write long articles:
Regarding the fourth item on this list. My articles are usually 2000 words or more. This is an average of 14 - 15 thousand characters. Today, a more or less normal copywriter on the stock exchange takes 70-80 rubles for 1000 rewriting characters. In total, to get an article for 15,000 characters, you will have to pay 1200 rubles.
For a content site, this is too much. Considering the quality of copywriting texts, you will need 300 - 600 articles to start getting meaningful traffic. These are too big expenses. Therefore, all webmasters who write articles as "copywriters" order texts for 3-4 thousand characters, no more. And so the search engines immediately distinguish them from those who write on their own.
And so you and I will not need 300-600 articles. My site reached 5,000 visitors per day with only 30 large author's articles. That is, you do not have to worry that you will have to spend your whole life, every day, for several hours to write huge articles.
It will be enough for you to write only a dozen articles, as I indicated above, and you will already have more traffic than others receive from hundreds of articles. But for this we need to help our article a little more after you wrote it.
After you have written an article, you need to do some light optimization (without fanaticism). To do this, take the main keyword for which the article is written, and place it in the following places:
This will be quite enough for Yandex and Google to understand what your article is about and what key request it wants to compete for. Now it remains only to wait for the verdict of the search engines.
It usually takes 2-3 months for an article to “set up” enough and take its place in the TOP of search engines. But you can also speed up this process. Then your articles can be in the first places in just 5-10 minutes after you click the "Publish" button.
For example, here is my article in the TOP 5 7 minutes after publication:
To achieve the same result, here is what you need to do:
Actually, this is where the main work on website promotion ends. Now you need to repeat this algorithm several dozen times, and your site will grow first to the “thousander”, and then to the “ten thousandth”. It would be a wish)
I hope that this article was useful to you, and now you better understand how to do it right. SEO promotion with your own hands. Add it to your bookmarks so you don't lose it. Don't forget to download my book. There I show you the fastest way from zero to the first million on the Internet (squeezed from personal experience for 10 years =)
See you later!
Your Dmitry Novoselov
