Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus
BELARUSIAN NATIONAL
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Management Technologies and Humanization
Department of "Customs"
Methodical instructions and tasks
to laboratory work
at the rate
"Computer information technologies"
Section "Computer graphics"
for students of economic specialties
UDC 002.6 (075.8)
Compiled by:
T.A.Galay
Reviewers:
Laboratory work No. 1. Introduction to the graphic editor Adobe Photoshop. 4
Theoretical part 4
Tasks 4
Adobe Photoshop. Laboratory work No. 2. Working with documents in Adobe Photoshop. 9
Tasks. 9
The purpose of the work: To study the tools graphic editor Adobe Photoshop, and how to customize it in various modes. Familiarize yourself with floating panels and their purpose. Learn how to create and save different types of files in Adobe Photoshop.
Currently, there are a large number of computer programs designed to create and process graphic information. Adobe Photoshop is the biggest whale in the sea of graphic editors. It allows you to process photos, create book and magazine illustrations at a high professional level.
Photoshop mainly works with raster graphics, although it can handle vector images as well. Most often, such images are obtained using a digital camera, by scanning an image, or by “capturing” a video frame.
A raster image is a matrix of colored dots. Raster images require a large amount of memory to store. Such images are difficult to scale and edit.
The main parameters of a bitmap image are:
image size (in inches, centimeters, points, peaks, etc.);
resolution (number of pixels per unit size);
color depth (number of bits per pixel).
In the left corner is the toolbar - these are the tools of your work. With these buttons you will select, move, transform and color your image. When you press any button, it becomes active - this element is selected. Not all buttons fit on the panel - some are hidden. Select the Rectangle Selection button. Click and hold your mouse on the small triangle in the lower right corner of the button - you will see that there are actually 4 different selection methods hiding there.
3. On the right side of the screen are PALETTE. There are only 13 palettes and they are combined into several groups. If the palette is not on the screen, it can be called up via the WINDOW menu. Each palette has a menu, which is called by the right arrow.
So that the palettes do not interfere with viewing the image, they can be removed with the SHIFT + TAB keys. The same keys will return the palettes to their place.
Pay attention to the palette Color . It allows you to set the foreground color and background color. The corresponding color can be selected by moving the sliders R (for red) G (for green), B (for blue). You can enter a numeric value for each color, or simply click the eyedropper to sample the color.
Create a new file with the menu command FILE - NEW. In the dialog box, specify the parameters with which the document will be created:
A new 300 x 300 pixel document with a resolution of 72 pixels per inch has appeared, with the background layer filled with white. Working with a document without seeing its actual size is quite difficult, so you should turn on the ruler guides (VIEW - GUIDES or CTRL + R).
Select the tool " Brush". Using the palette Color”, select the color of your brush (for example, light green). Use your mouse to write the word Photoshop at the top of the window.
Apparently it didn't work out too well.
D 
To align objects with lines, set image boundaries, check vertical and horizontal lines convenient to use guides(solid blue lines). Click on any ruler and drag the pointer down or to the right. Guides can be moved using the " moving". In order not to accidentally move the guides during operation, they can be fixed (VIEW - FIX THE GUIDES). You can temporarily hide them in VIEW - SHOW - GUIDES, or delete them (VIEW - CLEAR GUIDES).
Set some guides and try to write the text again (select the brush color - dark blue).
It is also convenient to work with the included grid: VIEW - SHOW - GRID.
For change scale images serves panel Navigator . On this panel, you can view the entire image in a thumbnail view. The part visible in the window is marked with a red frame. You can change the scale directly by entering a percentage value, smoothly moving the slider, or clicking on the buttons Decrease And Increase .
Magnify the image by 2 times (200%).
Choose a tool Brush and try to draw. (To clear the entire image, use EDIT - FILL - USE - WHITE or SELECT - ALL - Delete.)
Pay attention to the properties panel at the top of the screen.
Here you can choose another tool,form brushes, mode,turbidity,flow and enable features atomizer.
Try working with different brush shapes: hard round, soft round, spatter(splash), chalk(chalk), star(star), grass(grass), leaves(leaves), fuzz ball(wet ball) dry brush(dry brush). Choose from a variety of brush sizes and colors.
Customize in more detail form brushes can be done using the BRUSHES palette.
brush property Turbidity (more correctly - transparency). Makes the injected color transparent (the color becomes lighter, showing through the previous image). While you have not released the mouse button (one stroke) - painting goes in an even layer.
brush property Flow . Acts like haze. But at the same time, its own trace is painted over (that is, the dynamics of the movement of the brush is taken into account).
Button Enable sprayer capabilities works if the current is less than 100% (preferably 10-20%). Holding the mouse button in one place makes the image brighter (as if you were holding down a spray gun button).
Fill the picture field with images of different colors and brightness. Now try changing the mode:
Select a 19 px hard round brush, set the color to a medium brightness (for example, dark blue), and successively change the modes, canceling each last action(CTRL+Z):
ModeNormal(Normal)
In this mode, the original color is completely replaced by the imported one.
ModeMultiply(Multiplication)
In this mode, the colors of the source and the input are "multiplied", so the resulting color is always darker than the source.
If black is introduced, the resulting color also becomes black. White color does not affect the original.
ModeScreen(Screen)
In this mode, the colors of the source and the input are "split", so the resulting color is always lighter than the source. If white is introduced, the resulting color becomes white. Black color does not affect the original.
Modeoverlay(Overlap)
This mode darkens dark colors and brightens light ones. As a result of this superposition of pixels, the contrast of the image is increased.
ModeSoftlight(Soft light)
This mode enhances or weakens the color depending on the applied color (the result is similar to ambient light lighting)
If the input color (think of it as a light source) is lighter than 50% gray, the original color is whitened (lightened) identical to the tool Dodge (Lighter).
If the input color is darker than 50% gray, the original color is enhanced (darkened) in the same way as when the tool is working Burn (Darker).
Using pure white or pure black lightens or darkens the original color, but does not produce pure white and black, respectively.
ModeHardlight(hard light)
This mode enhances (darkens) the color, as in the Multiply(multiply), or weakening(lightening) colors as in mode Screen(Screen), depending on the applied color (the result is similar to lighting with a harsh light).
If the input color (consider it also a light source) is lighter than 50% gray, the original color is whitened identically to the mode Screen(Screen). If the input color is darker than 50% gray, the original color is enhanced in the same way as Multiply(Multiplication)
Using pure white or pure black is identical to normal mode.
The mode is very convenient for creating shadow areas.
ModeDarkens(darker colors)
In this mode, the original colors are replaced, namely, only those that are lighter than the entered one, and the points that are darker than the introduced one remain unchanged.
Modelighten(lightening color)
In this mode, the original colors are replaced, namely, only those that are darker than the entered one, and the points that are lighter than the introduced one remain unchanged.
ModeDifference(Difference)
In this mode, the resulting color is equal to the difference in brightness between the source and added colors. As a result of this overlay of pixels, the effect of a negative image is created.
ModeHue(hue)
In this mode, the resulting color gets the color tone(hue) of the injected color, but retains the values saturation(Saturation) and brightness(Luminosity) of the original color. Try painting the image with a shade of black.
ModeSaturation(Saturation)
In this mode, the resulting color receives the saturation of the input, but retains shade(hue) and brightness(Luminosity) original. Grayscale images are not affected in any way.
Modecolor(Color)
In this mode, the resulting color is obtained with brightness(Lummosily) original but with shade(hue) and saturation(Saturation) of the input. This allows you to keep the gray scale. Finds wide application for color toning of a monochrome image.
ModeLuminosity(glow)
Or rather, brightness. In this mode, the resulting color is obtained with shade(hue) and saturation(Saturation) of the original color, but with brightness introduced. In the gray scale, the result coincides with the input tone. This mode is the opposite of the mode color(Color)
ModeDissolve(Dissolution)
To see the effect of this mode, you need an additional condition. Set in the box Opacity(Turbidity) value 50%.
In this mode, the original color is replaced by the imported one with a random distribution and transparency. The result is especially noticeable with large instrument sizes. Paintbrush(Brush) or airbrush(Airbrush) and partial turbidity.
And now, using the knowledge gained, try to color the black and white image of a butterfly in the grass (file Butterfly Peacock Eye.jpg ).
Figure 1 Peacock Butterfly
Sections: Computer science
Comment for the teacher: Exercises 1-2 are performed when studying the topic “Layers”. Exercise 1 is performed in step-by-step mode (each action is described in detail in the task), exercise 2 is performed by analogy with the first. Exercises 3-5 refer to the topic “Layer Styles”. Also, exercise 3 is given in a step-by-step version, exercises 4 and 5 are performed similarly to the third. The appendices contain source files (jpg) and task texts.
Open file Chess.jpg.
Figure - Outline size;
In the dialog box, set the width to 16 cm.
Please note that the panel Layers contains only one background layer Background.
Open file Kitten.jpg.
Document chess.jpg a new layer has appeared layer l, which depicts a kitten.
Open file Mice.jpg.
Comment. The scaling will be proportional if you hold down the key while moving the corner stops Shift.
Comment. When the key is pressed ctrl the image will be distorted rather than scaled, and the cursor will change to a gray arrow.
The image will be placed in the foreground (background).
Tenge.psd using files: Frame.jpg, 10000 tenge.jpg, 5000 tenge.jpg, 2000 tenge.jpg, 1000 tenge.jpg And 100 tenge.gif.
Open file baiterek.jpg.
Open file Embankment.jpg.
Open file Pattern.jpg.
Create layered document Nomad.psd using files: 01.jpg, 02.jpg, 03.jpg, p46a.gif And Camera.jpg. Adjust the shadow for the corresponding layers.
Create layered document Aldar Kose.psd using files: 03_ 01.jpg, CD 1.jpg.. Adjust the shadow for the corresponding layers.
Sevastopol station of young technicians
Department information technologies
Collection
practical work
by graphic editor photoshop
Sevastopol
2015
Target - provide students with a collection of practical work that allows them to effectively consolidate theoretical knowledge in practice.
The manual contains work on the graphic editorphotoshop.
All works in the collection are offered in order of increasing complexity. The collection has a modular structure.
The collection of practical works was compiled by the SYUT methodologist:Shatrov A. A.
Practical work No. 1
Copy to text editor, the given tools and next to each of them sign its purpose, method of application.
Practical work No. 2
In the graphic editorphotoshop
Practical work No. 3
In the graphic editorphotoshopcreate 5 files (1.8 by 3). In each of them draw the following flags using the selection and drawing tools.
Practical work No. 4
In the graphic editorphotoshopscan the next photo. Using the removal tools, selection frames, brushes and palettes, edit the image so that only the flags remain visible. The background must be white.
It is necessary to align the flags horizontally and place the flags in the second row symmetrically in the center relative to the 1st row.
Practical work No. 5
Scan an image. Edit with the graphic editor tools and color using the palette.
Practical work No. 6
Practical work number 7
In the graphics editor Photoshop, you need to edit the image.
Create a new layer. Name it "Background". Fill it with a gradient. Put the "Background" layer under the main image layer. Go to the outline layer, select and delete all unnecessary. Touch up the contour lines where necessary (if you do not do this, the fill and gradient cannot be applied to the image element).
Using tools: fill and gradient colorize the image. When painting the workpiece, use no more than three colors. Colors must be chosen so that they look harmoniously against the created background.
Practical work No. 8
In the graphics editor Photoshop, you need to edit the image.
Create a new layer. Name it "Background". Fill it with a gradient. Put the "Background" layer under the main image layer. Go to the outline layer, select and delete all unnecessary. Touch up the contour lines where necessary (if you do not do this, the fill and gradient cannot be applied to the image element).
Using tools: fill and gradient colorize the image. When painting the workpiece, use no more than three colors. Colors must be chosen so that they look harmoniously against the created background.
Practical work No. 9
Practical work No. 10
Practical work No. 11
Using one of the proposed blanks, create a frame for the sheet in A-4 format. When doing work, use the copy method or stamp (both methods can be combined).
You should end up with a frame that looks like this:
Practical work No. 12
In a graphics editor, you need to colorize a black and white photo.
When editing a photo, use filters and color balance adjustments or curves, whichever is better for you.
Practical work No. 13
Scan your (take a photo) photo using layers, transform it according to the given picture.
Practical work No. 14
Raw material:
Create a background and place the main figures on it, sign the work.
An example of a finished composition:
Practical work No. 15
In the graphics editor Photoshop, mount the image.
Raw material:
Possible variant works:
Practical work No. 16
Check color reproduction by changing color channels. Create a lookup table in a text editor.
Practical work No. 17
Using blanks, create a calendar in Photoshop graphics editor.
Convert canvas size to formatB-5.
Practical work No. 18
Edit the photo in a photo editor.
Practical work No. 19
Create a composite (composite image). Apply filters to it. Create a background. Add a text inscription to the resulting composition.
Practical work No. 20
Create an image in a graphics editor.
Practical work No. 21
In the Photoshop graphics editor, create a congratulation. When you design the work, use the frame from work No. 9.
Possible work option.
Dear Zoya Vasilievna!
Happy birthday!
Happy birthday to you,
From a pure heart we wish
Good health for many years
May you always be with you in life
Love and tenderness, affectionate word.
Earthly happiness, bright, great.
Success, understanding
Among friends, colleagues - recognition.
May your hopes and dreams come true
And on this day - flowers for you!
Neptun LLC team
Sevastopol
2004
Practical work No. 2 2
Create a vignette in Photoshop. The first page should contain a large photograph placed in an oval frame. On the second page are small photographs of the group with inscriptions. The first row is occupied by photographs of teachers. Place both pages on A-4 size.
Practical work No. 2 3
Unlock the image layer and make a copy of the layer. Right-click on the new layer and select Blending Options. In the window that opens, in the "Mode" field, set the value to "Lightening". Use the Opacity option to edit the strength of the applied effect.
Select the sky using the selection tools. Using the Brightness and Contrast tool, we achieve maximum clarity.
You should get:
Flatten the layers and save your work.
Practical work No. 2 4
Carry out color correction of the photo (it is necessary to lighten).
Practical work No. 2 5
Edit the portrait.
First you need to crop the portrait so that you get an image like in Figure 2.
Rice. 2
Convert the image to black and white. To do this, we use with you “Image” -> “Correction” -> “Channel Mixing”.
Check the box "Monochrome". The Red channel is 30 and the Green channel is 70. If you set other parameters, then the sum of the values in all channels must be equal to 100.
Apply the settings. You should end up with an image like Figure 3.
Rice. 3
Now let's take care of the eyes. The eyes are very dark in the photo and need to be lightened. To do this, take the Dodge tool, change the brush. You will need a blur brush. Set the brush size so that it is comparable in size to the size of the iris. Additionally, for the brush, set the "Range" - midtones and "Exposure" - 10-12%.
Now, with a few clicks on the eyes, lighten them up. To not be very scary, you need to edit the pupils. To do this, we need to darken a little with the help of the “Dimmer” tool. Tool settings are selected by analogy with the previous one.
Now let's deal with bruises under the eyes. Use the Lasso tool to roughly select the bruises. Press CTRL + H to hide the selection line - this will make further editing easier.
Rice. 4
Use the Curves tool or the Color Balance tool to edit the hue of the selection.
After that, select a smaller area and do similar manipulations with it.
Rice. 5
As a result, we should get an image, as in Figure 6.
Rice. 6
Now we need to duplicate our layer twice. This can be done in the layers palette.
For the top copy of the layer, specify the parameters: "Darken" and opacity - 35%.
For the bottom copy of the layer, specify the parameters: "Lightening" and opacity - 55%.
Figure 7 and 8 show the settings for the layers.
Now you need to apply the Gaussian Blur filter to the top layer. With the "Radius" parameter of 15 pixels.
Apply the same filter to the bottom layer. Only with the "Radius" parameter of 20 pixels.
See Figure 9 and 10 respectively.
Let's create a new layer.
Turn off the visibility of the original layer, press the Alt key and simultaneously press the key combination shift + Ctrl + E. Turn on the original layer and turn off the light and dark copies of the layers at the same time. As a result, we should get a photo, as in Figure 11.
Rice. eleven
Now let's adjust the "opacity" of the top layer, so that the skin tone is smoothed out, but at the same time, so that it does not look over-smoothed, fake. The parameter value is approximately 30-40%.
Figure 12 shows what we should end up with:
Rice. 12
Now you need to add a mask to the top layer. To do this, select "Layer" - "Layer Mask" - "Hide All". Select a medium size brush with soft edges and set its color to white. We draw on the image with a brush in those places where it is necessary to smooth the skin (clothes, eyes, lips, eyebrows, etc. are skipped).
The result of the mask is shown in Figure 13.
Rice. 13
Now you need to remove the extra layers. To do this, select "Layers" - "Run Flatten". If necessary, using the Curves tool, you can slightly lighten the entire image. To increase the sharpness of the image, it is necessary to apply the "Sharpness contour" filter (filters - sharpness - contour sharpness). The filter with parameters is shown in Figure 14.
Rice. 14
The final result of the work is shown in Figure 15.
Rice. 15
Practical work No. 2 6
Edit your photo and frame it.
Original photo (see figure 1).
Use the Crop Tool to cut extra elements On the photo. The cropping result is shown in Figure 2.
Rice. 2
Add an adjustment layer. To do this, first unlock and then copy the layer in the layers palette.
Convert the image to black and white. To do this, we use with you “Image” -> “Correction” -> “Channel Mixing”.
Check the box "Monochrome". In the channel "Red" - 100.
Apply the settings. After the conversion, you should get a workpiece as in Figure 3.
Now we need to add a new layer. For the created layer, set the parameters:Blending - darkening;
Opacity - 50%.
We take a black brush with a large radius, with soft edges. We set the Opacity parameter for it - 10-11%. We paint over everything, except for the pipe and the fallen birch in the foreground.
You should have a blur on the new layer, as in Figure 4.
Rice. 4
Let's add another adjustment layer. See above for adding an adjustment layer. Copy should be the initial layer.
For this layer, set the parameters: - blending - clarification;
Opacity - 25-45%.
Create a layer mask.
Create a mask for this layer. To do this, select "Layer" - "Layer Mask" - "Hide All". Select a medium-sized brush with soft edges and set the parameters for it:
White color;
Opacity - 10%.
We draw on the image with a brush in those places where the birch lies.
Create another layer with the same settings. Create a layer mask.
Add an adjustment layer and apply "color balance" to it. The settings are shown in Figure 5, 6, 7.
Rice. 5
Rice. 6
Rice. 7
In the end, you should have the following order in the layers palette, as in Figure 8.
Rice. 8
After all the manipulations, our workpiece should look like it is shown in Figure 9.
Rice. 9
Now you can merge the layers.
Apply the filter "Unsharpness" (Filter - Sharpness - Unsharpness). In the filter, set the parameters, as in Figure 10.
Rice. 10
Apply the filter "Add Noise" (Filter - Noise - Add Noise). In the filter, set the parameters, as in Figure 11.
Rice. eleven
Now we create a file with a larger size than the resulting blank. Fill it with black. We copy our workpiece onto this black sheet and align it.
Finished work should look like Figure 12.
Instructional - technological map
Practical work No. 11
Subject: Technologies for processing graphic information in personal computer
Job Title: Photo retouching.
Goal of the work: Learn basic image retouching techniques using the Stamp, Spot Healing Brush, and Patch tools.
Acquired Skills: create and edit graphic objects using programs for processing raster and vector graphics.
Safety precautions: instruction number 2
Working hours: 2 hours
Means of education:
Equipment and materials:PC, projector, interactive whiteboard, photo clipping
Technical training aids (TCO):raster editor Adobe Potoshop, text editor MS Word.
Questions for self-examination:
What is retouch?
What types of retouching are there?
What tools are used for technical retouching?
What tools and techniques can be used for artistic retouching?
Theoretical part
Retouch- this is a change in the initial photo, in order to hide certain imperfections, for example, imperfect skin, unwanted objects in the photo or various kinds of scratches, and much, much more.
Retouching is technical and artistic:
1. Technical retouching– it allows you to remove the so-called technical flaws in photos in the form of scratches and scuffs
2. Artistic retouching- allows you to remove some unnecessary elements from the photo, as well as make various kinds of cosmetic corrections.
Practical part
Perform artistic retouching
Work progress
Open the original photo.
Create a new layer, this gives you the flexibility to use the retouching tools, because if something goes wrong, you can easily fix problem areas by simply erasing bad areas with an eraser and then retouching again. In addition, you can change the blending mode of this layer, reduce the opacity, blur, etc. etc.
To create a new layer, just click on the second icon from the right in the Layers palette.
Take the Healing Brush tool. Healing brush settings (make it active and right click mouse click on the image): set the angle value to about 135 degrees, and the shape to about 80%. We set the hardness to about 50-60%, if you apply zero hardness, then the work of the healing brush will be noticeable. Be sure to check the box alignment"and in the field" Sample" - "All layers". Now after adjusting the brush, carefully remove all imperfections on the skin. Hold down the key alt, click next to the flaw on the skin (take a sample), and then click the tool on the flaw itself. The more often you take a skin sample, the better the retouching will turn out, and the sample must be taken from all sides of the flaw, while the brush size should be slightly larger than the flaw itself. Let me remind you that you can quickly change the size of the brush using square brackets ( [ - reduce the size of the brush, ] - increase). The Healing Brush can be used on any area of the skin, with the exception of places close to contrasting borders. In these places, when using a healing brush, it turns out not retouching, but some kind of dirt. This is where you need to use the tool Stamp» ( S). The method of using it is no different from the method of using the healing brush.
To eliminate major flaws, it is better to use the tool " Patch". Since the patch on an empty layer does not work, we create a copy of the main layer, for which we drag it to the second icon on the right in the palette " Layers".
Choose " patch"in mode" Source".
We circle the big disadvantage. Moreover, it is extremely undesirable to make even edges, the less smoothed edges you make, the less retouching will be noticeable.
We click the left mouse button inside the selection and, without releasing it, drag it to an area of smooth skin that does not have imperfections. Release the mouse button.
This is how the skin should turn out after working with a restoring brush and a patch.
Compare the image of the girl before and after photo editing in photoshop.
Note: to move from one tool to another that are in the same group, you must hold the key Shift and alternately press the hot key to change the tool. For example, to move from the Healing Brush to the Patch, you need to hold down the Shift and press hot key J. But you can do the same, but without the key Shift. To do this, go to the Photoshop settings - " Editing - Settings - Basic or press the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+K.
On the tab " Main"uncheck" Change tool with Shift key"and press" Yes". That's it, now you can change tools hot key without use Shift.
Task 2
Glamor retouching
Glamor retouching- one of the methods of processing photos by professional designers and retouchers, which allows you to hide some of the flaws on the face of the model, as well as give it a special charm, attractiveness and "glamor".
The secret of real glamorous retouching is that defects are not removed, but only smoothed (blurred), and, most importantly, skin texture is preserved. The point is that if you simply blur the flaws and roughness, then the glamor effect will not work. The face will become puppet and inanimate. Therefore, you need to return the pores using one of the image channels, where they are most visible.
Image 1: Before and after glamor retouching in Photoshop.
Express retouching in photoshop in two layers.
BLURING. Duplicate the background layer, Backgrownd. Now let's use the filter group Blur – Gaussian Blur (Gaussian Blur) with a radius of 25-30 pixels to make the outlines fuzzy. Don't worry about the blurry image. This blur will be the basis for smoothing skin imperfections. True, it completely destroys the texture of the skin and pores. The face becomes doll-like, but we don't need it. For now, hide the blurry image behind a mask: Layer Layer mask Hide all…
WE RETURN THE LEATHER INVOICE. Go to the Background layer in the tab - Channels. Highlight (Select all) red or green channel. Select the channel where the pores are visible. Go to the Layers tab and copy the background, pasting it on a new layer above the blurred one. Now apply a filter Other high pass (Color contrast) with a radius of 3-5 pixels to the layer to highlight skin pores and other texture elements. Assign the layer blending mode Soft light (Soft light), you will see how the contour sharpness has increased. Attach this layer to the mask layer below by pressing Alt + click between layers. The sharpening effect is hidden behind the mask.
WE BRING GLAMOR. Take a soft white brush - hardness 0%, opacity 30% and start gently moving over the mask in the necessary places. Blurring will appear, and the attached channel will show the texture and weaken the manifestation gray color in the shadows. You can reduce the blur effect by adjusting the transparency of the layer. And increase the sharpness of the texture, for example, by blending mode (Overlap).
Independent work
Do your own portrait and glamor photo retouching (files: retouch1 and glamor retouch).
Task for the report: the report shows all stages of the work in the form of screenshots.
Homework: perform glamorous retouching of your own photo.
