Sometimes the chargers used by gadgets fail. There are people who are interested in trying everything themselves. As a result, homemade chargers for the phone are born.
How to charge your phone? This question does not bother many people, but only until they encounter problems that can lie in wait for everyone.
So, why might we need to create a phone charger?
The most simple solution is the question of how to make a portable battery charger for your phone.
How to charge a phone if there are batteries, a compartment for them, for them or an old mobile phone and a USB extension cable?
Batteries must be AA type. In addition, a soldering iron and a tester must be available.
We take 4 batteries (preferably high capacity) and insert them into the compartment for them. We measure the voltage with a tester, it should be at least 5 volts. This is because modern phones It can be charged with a 5V USB port.
From the USB extension cable, which is not a pity to use, we cut off the plug that connects to the computer. We study the pinout of the contacts, call the tester. We find + and -, remove the remaining wires with wire cutters and isolate.
We put a thermocambric on the wires and process it with a lighter to ensure a tight entrance. We make a fitting at the place where the plug is attached.
We will need to solder the wires to the metal rivets. For this purpose, soldering acid is used, which can be applied with a tin stick, after which we tin the rivets.
Solder the wires according to their charge.
The connector must be glued to the body, having previously degreased or scraped off the connector and plastic with a knife.
We apply heated glue to the body and press it. Coat with glue around, closing open contacts. The remaining unnecessary wires are bitten off and smeared with glue. If necessary, it can be masked with a marker.
Insert batteries. They must be of the same capacity. At the same time, their total capacity must exceed that of a telephone battery.
After making the charging itself, the question "How to make charging for the phone?" cannot be removed because the cable still needs to be made.
We cut off the small connector of the USB cable, the length of the cable should be half a meter.
We cut the wires in the same way. + and - have already been identified, you can not repeat. We bite off the remaining wires, after which we place them in a thermocambric, clean it, tin it.
Batteries can be charged in different designed for them. In most cases, mobile phone chargers can also be used.
You can not complicate your life, but charge the batteries in the appropriate chargers.
We insert the charged batteries into the booster, to which we connect the USB cable on one side, and on the other side we connect it to the phone and check the charging.
After a while, the voltage on the booster may drop, so it is better to use batteries with a larger capacity.
Thus, we figured out how to make charging for the phone with your own hands.
Extension cords may stop charging the phone, they may fray, the charging socket in the phone may become loose. All this necessitates wireless charging. How to do wireless charging for phone, see below.
The principle of wireless charging is based on the fact that a coil is built into the charger, which creates a magnetic field, and under the cover of the phone there is another coil that serves as a receiver. When the receiver is in range of the conductor, electromagnetic pulses are activated. Through rectifiers and capacitors, the battery of the phone is affected.
But before you make your choice in favor of wireless charging, you need to consider that it has a number of negative qualities:
Let's figure out how to make wireless phone charging.
This requires several meters of thin copper wire. We wind the conductor into a coil with a number of turns equal to 15. To maintain the shape, we fix the spiral with double-sided tape or glue. We leave a few centimeters of wire for soldering. The connection to the charging socket is made using a capacitor and a pulse diode, which are attached to opposite ends.
The size of one turn on the conductor should be 1.5 cm. After twisting, the diameter of the resulting coil is 10 cm.
An even thinner layer is used to form the transmitter. copper wire in the amount of 30 turns. The circuit is closed by a capacitor and a transistor. We place this device into the zone of the transmitting ring upwards with the display.
Thus, the question of how to charge a phone has several answers. Charging can be portable from batteries, or maybe wireless. In any case, a person who understands electricity should do it, otherwise you can run into problems.
Became very popular lately portable chargers For mobile phones or otherwise they are called power bank . They are sold in many stores, and we can buy them without any problems, but I think many radio amateurs are much more interested in make your own portable Charger for your mobile phone. This article will show a simple scheme charger powered by AA batteries.
Almost all devices that are recharged through Computer USB, such as mobile phones, MP3 players, cameras and more can be charged with conventional AA 1.5 volt batteries, if desired, they can be replaced with rechargeable batteries.
Experimental model of portable charger with surge protection:
The scheme by which it is necessary to assemble the charger:
Since the circuit uses discrete components, an overvoltage protection system has been included, in case any element fails. How the scheme works will be described below.
The main component of the circuit is chip 7805, which is a 5-volt voltage regulator with a maximum output current of 1.5 amperes. Therefore, this charger will give a maximum of 1.5 A to charge your mobile.
Let's make a small digression from the topic. Recently I ran into a problem, I had to help relatives from Germany to apply for a visa, the queues at the embassy turned out to be a couple of months ahead and then I came across the site http://www.visardo.ru/ where the visa was made in just a week.
The zener diode in the circuit provides an output voltage of not more than 5.6 volts, and if the output voltage exceeds 5.6 volts, automatically protection will work turning off the power of the 7805 chip.
For reliability, a 2A fuse can be installed in front of the microcircuit, to be more sure that the charger will turn off when an overvoltage occurs.
The output of the 7805 is connected to a USB type "mother" from which you will recharge your gadget. In this circuit, we used four AA batteries of 1.5V and 1.5A.
Well, yes, perhaps this charger will be larger than those sold in stores and batteries are needed for it, but as I said at the beginning, much more interesting to do something with your own hands than just buy.
One of the most important problems of a modern person who has a smartphone is the constant discharge of the battery of the device. Especially for such cases, portable chargers have been created that allow you to connect the gadget when USB help cable and charge your smartphone with the battery built into the charger.
So, to make a portable charger, we need:
- Two krone batteries (one of the batteries can be used),
- Box (you can use a metal candy box),
- A switch that can be removed from the old cassette player or a broken child's toy
- And the most important thing - USB charger device for the car, which can be purchased for about 2-3 dollars,
- And also copper wires with which we will connect everything.
First of all, we need to make a removable brand for the battery. If you have old toys or devices at home that use krone batteries, then ready-made brands can be removed from them. If there are no such toys or devices, then you can make the stigma yourself. For this you need to remove upper part krone battery, smear flux on metal contacts from the inside and solder copper wires to them. For fixing and insulation, you can use ordinary hot melt adhesive.
The stamps are ready, they can be attached to the contacts of the second battery (wide contact to narrow, and narrow to wide).
The next thing we need to do is disassemble the charger for the car, taking the board on which the USB connector is located. It remains only to collect all the components of our portable charger and connect everything through the switch.
When connecting the stamp to the battery, you can see which of the wires is positive and which is negative, if you use multi-colored wires. If not, then you can mark a plus one for greater convenience and ease.
The center wire or spring on the car charger is always positive and the wire that is on the side is negative. So, we must connect the positive wire of our battery to the switch, and the negative wire directly to the charger board.
If the positive wire on the charger is made in the form of a spring, it can be replaced with a regular one for greater convenience.
After that, two positive wires must be soldered to two contacts on the turntable.
The device is almost ready. It remains to assemble it in a box, on which two passages must be cut in the side part for USB input and switch.
I was inspired to build this design by flying in an Airbus A380 aircraft, which has a USB connector under the armrest of each seat, designed to power USB-compatible devices. But, not all planes have such a luxury, and even more so it cannot be found on trains and buses. And I have long dreamed of revisiting the series "Friends" from beginning to end. So why not kill two birds with one stone - watch the series and brighten up the travel time.
An additional incentive for the construction of this device was the discovery.
The Portable Charger (MAD) should provide the following features.
Based on this technical task, a portable memory was built on lithium-ion batteries.
Portable memory consists of the following nodes.
It didn’t take long to choose a driver for a voltage converter, since there wasn’t much to choose from. At the local radio market at a reasonable price ($ 0.4), I found only the popular MC34063 chip. I immediately bought a couple to find out if it was somehow possible to forcibly turn off the converter, since such a function is not provided in the datasheet for this chip. It turned out that this can be done if the supply voltage is applied to pin 3, intended for connecting the frequency-setting circuit.
On the picture typical scheme step-down pulse converter. Red indicates a forced shutdown circuit that may be needed for automation.
In principle, having assembled such a circuit, it is already possible to power the phone or player, if, for example, the power is supplied from ordinary batteries (batteries).
I will not describe in detail the operation of this chip, but from the "Additional Materials" you can download and detailed description in Russian, and a small portable program for quickly calculating the elements of a step-up or step-down converter assembled on this chip.
Using lithium ion batteries, it is desirable to limit their discharge and charge. For this purpose, I used comparators based on cheap CMOS chips. These microcircuits are extremely economical, as they operate on microcurrents. At the input they have field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, which makes it possible to use a microcurrent Reference Voltage Source (ION). I don’t know where to get such a source, so I took advantage of the fact that in the microcurrent mode, the stabilization voltage of conventional zener diodes decreases. This allows you to control the stabilization voltage within certain limits. Since this is not a documented inclusion of a zener diode, it is possible that a zener diode will have to be selected to provide a certain stabilization current.
To provide a stabilization current, say, 10-20 μA, the ballast resistance should be in the region of 1-2 MΩ. But, when adjusting the stabilization voltage, the resistance of the ballast resistor may turn out to be either too small (a few kilo-ohms) or too large (tens of mega-ohms). Then you have to choose not only the resistance of the ballast resistor, but also a copy of the zener diode.
Switching of the digital CMOS chip occurs when the level input signal reaches half the supply voltage. Therefore, if the ION and the microcircuit are powered from a source whose voltage is to be measured, then a control signal can be obtained at the output of the circuit. Well, this very control signal can be applied to the third output of the MC34063 chip.
The drawing shows a comparator circuit on two elements of the K561LA7 chip.
Resistor R1 determines the value of the reference voltage, and resistors R2 and R3 the hysteresis of the comparator.
In order for the phone or player to start charging from USB connector, he needs to make it clear that this is a USB connector, and not some kind of surrogate. To do this, you can apply a positive potential to the “-D” contact. In any case, this is enough for Blackberry and iPod. But, my proprietary charger also supplies a positive potential to the “+ D” contact, so I did exactly the same.
Another purpose of this node is to control the on and off of the 12.6 → 5 Volt converter when a load is connected. This function is performed by transistors VT2 and VT3.
The design of the portable charger also provides for a mechanical power switch, but its purpose is more likely to correspond to the "mass switch" of the battery in the car.
The figure shows a diagram of a mobile power supply.
C1, C3 = 1000µF
C2, C6, C10, C11, C13 = 0.1µF
C14 = 20µF (tantalum)
IC1, IC2 - MC34063
| DD1 = K176LA7 | R3, R12 = 1k | R27=44M |
| DD2 = K561LE5 | R4, R7 = 300k | R28=3k |
| FU=1A | R5=30k | VD1, VD2 = 1N5819 |
| HL1=Green | R6 = 0.2 ohm | VD3, VD6 = KD510A |
| HL2 = Red | R8, R15, R23, R29 = 100k | VT1, VT2, VT3 = KT3107 |
| L1=50mkH | R10, R11, R13, R26 = 1M | VT4 = KT3102 |
| L2=100mkH | R16, R24 = 22M | Are selected |
| R0, R21 = 10k | R17, R19, R25 = 15k | R14* = 2M |
| R1 = 180 ohm | R18 = 5.1M | R22* = 510k |
| R2 = 0.3 ohm | R20 = 680 ohm | VD4*, VD5* = KS168A |
Assignment of circuit nodes.
IC1 is a step-up voltage converter 5 → 14 Volts, which serves to charge the built-in battery. The converter limits the input current to 0.7 Amps.
DD1.1, DD1.2 - battery charge comparator. Interrupts charging when the battery reaches 12.8 volts.
DD1.3, DD1.4 - indication generator. Makes the LED blink while charging. The indication is made by analogy with Nikon chargers. While charging, the LED flashes. Charging complete - LED is on continuously.
IC2 is a 12.6 → 5 Volt buck converter. Limits the output current to 0.7 Amps.
DD2.1, DD2.2 - battery discharge comparator. Interrupts the discharge of the battery when the voltage drops to 7.5 volts.
DD2.3, DD2.4 - timer for emergency switching on the converter. Turns on the converter for 12 minutes, even if the battery voltage drops to 7.5 volts.
Here the question may arise, why is such a low threshold voltage chosen, if some manufacturers do not recommend allowing it to drop below 3.0 and even 3.2 Volts per bank?
I reasoned like this. Travel does not happen as often as we would like, so the battery is unlikely to have to go through many charge-discharge cycles. Meanwhile, in some sources describing the operation of lithium-ion batteries, a voltage of 2.5 Volts is just called critical.
But, you can limit the discharge limit to a higher voltage level if you intend to use such a charger frequently.
I express my gratitude to Sergey Sokolov for his help in finding the components of the structure!
Printed circuit boards (PP) are made of foil fiberglass 1mm thick. The dimensions of the PP are selected based on the dimensions of the purchased case.
All elements of the circuit, except for the battery, are placed on two printed circuit boards Oh. And on the smaller one there is only a Mini USB connector for connecting an external charger.
The PSU nodes were housed in a standard Z-34 polystyrene case. This is the most expensive part of the design, for which I had to pay $ 2.5.
The power switch pos.2 and the forced on button pos.3 are hidden flush with the outer surface of the case to avoid accidental pressing.
The Mini USB connector is displayed on the back wall of the case, and the USB connector pos. 4 together with indicators pos. 5 and pos.6 on the front.
The size of the printed circuit boards is designed to fix the batteries in the portable PSU case. Between the batteries and other structural elements, a 0.5 mm thick electric cardboard gasket was inserted, bent in the form of a box.
This movie requires Flash Player 9 |
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And this is a portable PSU in assembled form. Drag the image with the mouse to view the PSU from different angles.
Setting up a portable charger was reduced to the selection of instances of zener diodes and resistances of ballast resistors for each of the two comparators.
The three-minute video shows how this homemade product works and what is inside. The video format is Full HD.
home comfort
Sometimes the chargers used by gadgets fail. There are people who are interested in trying everything themselves. As a result, homemade chargers for the phone are born.
We take 4 batteries (preferably high capacity) and insert them into the compartment for them.
We measure the voltage with a tester, it should be at least 5 volts. This is due to the fact that modern phones can be charged from a USB connector, in which the voltage is 5 V.
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This scheme suggests:
2) Low consumption
Device diagram-
Transistors - were selected through experiments, so the transistors with the lowest opening voltage were selected, this made it possible to create a circuit that starts working from a voltage of 0.55 volts! Output voltage remains stable even if the input voltage is raised to 1.5-2 volts. This function of the converter allows you to use nickel batteries with a voltage of 1.2 volts as a power source.
This is the main reason for creating such a device, since factory field chargers cannot work from 1.2 volts, they need a 1.5 volt battery to work, and as we know they cannot work for a long time, periodic replacements are needed. Of course, you can use Duracell type batteries, but they are quite expensive. On the same device, you can use finger-type accumulators that can be recharged.
600mAh - 35 min
850mAh - 45 min
1000mAh - 1h
1500mAh - 1.5h
2000mAh - 2h
2200mAh - 2h 15min
3000mAh - about 3h
3300mA / - more than 3 hours 15 minutes
Payment in program format LAY
home comfort
Sometimes the chargers used by gadgets fail. There are people who are interested in trying everything themselves.
As a result, homemade chargers for the phone are born.
How to charge your phone? This question does not bother many people, but only until they encounter problems that can lie in wait for everyone.
So, why might we need to create a phone charger?
The most simple solution is the question of how to make a portable battery charger for your phone.
How to charge a phone if there are batteries, a compartment for them, a charger for them or an old mobile phone and a USB extension cable?
Batteries must be AA type. In addition, a soldering iron and a tester must be available.
We take 4 batteries (preferably high capacity) and insert them into the compartment for them. We measure the voltage with a tester, it should be at least 5 volts. This is due to the fact that modern phones can be charged from a USB connector, in which the voltage is 5 V.
From the USB extension cable, which is not a pity to use, we cut off the plug that connects to the computer. We study the pinout of the contacts, call the tester. We find + and -, remove the remaining wires with wire cutters and isolate.
We put a thermocambric on the wires and process it with a lighter to ensure a tight entrance. We make a fitting at the place where the plug is attached.
We will need to solder the wires to the metal rivets. For this purpose, soldering acid is used, which can be applied with a tin stick, after which we tin the rivets.
Solder the wires according to their charge.
The connector must be glued to the body, having previously degreased or scraped off the connector and plastic with a knife.
We apply heated glue to the body and press it. Coat with glue around, closing open contacts. The remaining unnecessary wires are bitten off and smeared with glue. If necessary, it can be masked with a marker.
Insert batteries. They must be of the same capacity. At the same time, their total capacity must exceed that of a telephone battery.
After making the charging itself, the question "How to make charging for the phone?" cannot be removed because the cable still needs to be made.
We cut off the small connector of the USB cable, the length of the cable should be half a meter.
We cut the wires in the same way. + and - have already been identified, you can not repeat. We bite off the remaining wires, after which we place them in a thermocambric, clean it, tin it.
Batteries can be charged in different chargers designed for them. In most cases, mobile phone chargers can also be used.
You can not complicate your life, but charge the batteries in the appropriate chargers.
We insert the charged batteries into the booster, to which we connect the USB cable on one side, and on the other side we connect it to the phone and check the charging.
After a while, the voltage on the booster may drop, so it is better to use batteries with a larger capacity.
Thus, we figured out how to make charging for the phone with your own hands.
Extension cords may stop charging the phone, they may fray, and the charging socket on the phone may become loose. All this necessitates wireless charging. How to make wireless charging for your phone, consider below.
The principle of wireless charging is based on the fact that a coil is built into the charger, which creates a magnetic field, and under the cover of the phone there is another coil that serves as a receiver. When the receiver is in range of the conductor, electromagnetic pulses are activated. Through rectifiers and capacitors, the battery of the phone is affected.
But before you make your choice in favor of wireless charging, you need to consider that it has a number of negative qualities:
Let's figure out how to make wireless phone charging.
This requires several meters of thin copper wire. We wind the conductor into a coil with a number of turns equal to 15. To maintain the shape, we fix the spiral with double-sided tape or glue. We leave a few centimeters of wire for soldering. The connection to the charging socket is made using a capacitor and a pulse diode, which are attached to opposite ends.
The size of one turn on the conductor should be 1.5 cm. After twisting, the diameter of the resulting coil is 10 cm.
An even thinner copper wire in the amount of 30 turns is used to form the transmitter. The circuit is closed by a capacitor and a transistor. We place this device in the zone of the transmitting ring up with the display.
Thus, the question of how to charge a phone has several answers. Charging can be portable from batteries, or maybe wireless. In any case, a person who understands electricity should do it, otherwise you can run into problems.
home comfort
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Charging a mobile phone from a battery with your own hands
In one of the schemes discussed on the Internet called charging a mobile phone with an AA battery, many shortcomings were given. And the proposed scheme, taking into account everything, is considered further, and appearance it is shown in this picture on the left.
This scheme suggests:
1) High work stability
2) Low consumption
3) High converter efficiency
4) Operates over a wide range of input voltages
The output current of the circuit reaches 350mA! This allows you to charge your mobile phone like a regular charger.
Device diagram- AA battery charging:
The circuit uses a storage choke, which was taken from a digital car radio. The inductor can be wound on a ring from energy-saving lamps. They wind 15 turns with a wire of 0.3-0.6 mm, the wire must be stretched along the entire ring.
Transistors - were selected through experiments, so the transistors with the lowest opening voltage were selected, this made it possible to create a circuit that starts working from a voltage of 0.55 volts! The output voltage remains stable even if the input voltage is raised to 1.5-2 volts. This function of the converter allows you to use nickel batteries with a voltage of 1.2 volts as a power source. This is the main reason for creating such a device, since factory field chargers cannot work from 1.2 volts, they need a 1.5 volt battery to work, and as we know they cannot work for a long time, periodic replacements are needed.
Of course, you can use Duracell type batteries, but they are quite expensive. In the same device, you can use finger-type batteries, which can be charged.
Charging time, depending on the capacity of the battery used, 1.2 volt batteries.
600mAh - 35 min
850mAh - 45 min
1000mAh - 1h
1500mAh - 1.5h
2000mAh - 2h
2200mAh - 2h 15min
3000mAh - about 3h
3300mA / - more than 3 hours 15 minutes
Zener diode - any for a voltage of 5 - 6 volts, if you are too lazy to buy, then you can solder it from any pulsed PSU, for example, a PSU from a DVD player. All other components can be found in the attic or bought, in general, the cost of manufacturing such a device does not exceed $ 2. As a result, you get a stand-alone charger, the characteristics of which are many times better than similar factory devices.
Payment in program format LAY
I wonder what the Siemens charger (power supply) consists of and whether it is possible to fix it yourself in case of a breakdown.
First, the block must be disassembled. Judging by the seams on the case, this block is not intended for disassembly, therefore, the thing is disposable and you can not pin high hopes in case of a breakdown.
I had to literally unravel the case of the charger, it consists of two tightly glued parts.
Inside is a primitive board and a few details. It is interesting that the board is not soldered to the 220v plug, but is attached to it using a pair of contacts. In rare cases, these contacts can oxidize and lose contact, making you think the block is broken. But the thickness of the wires going to the connector on the mobile phone was pleasantly pleased, you don’t often see a normal wire in disposable devices, usually it’s so thin that it’s scary to even touch it).
There were several parts on the back of the board, the circuit turned out to be not so simple, but still it is not so complicated as not to fix it yourself.
Below in the photo are the contacts of the inside of the case.
There is no step-down transformer in the charger circuit, its role is played by an ordinary resistor. Then, as usual, a couple of rectifying diodes, a couple of capacitors for rectifying the current, then a choke and finally a zener diode with a capacitor complete the chain and output a reduced voltage to a wire with a connector to a mobile phone.
There are only two pins in the connector.
When such a charger breaks down, first of all, pay attention to the appearance of the parts, often only by appearance you can determine which part is out of order.
Carefully inspect the throttle, it has a very thin wire and it can simply burst. If nothing can be revealed by eye, and you yourself do not understand anything in electronics, ask those who know to check the details with a tester. If the power supply is completely unrepairable, then you can assemble your circuit much easier, and if you use a step-down transformer in the circuit, as is done in proprietary mobile phones Nokia phones, then problems with breakdowns will disappear for a long time. And finally, the easiest way to fix this charger is to buy a new one 🙂
