Windows for communicating with the computer in a language it understands. However, programs are still launched using the usual command line(consoles). It is the founder of the interface and a means of communication between the user and the PC. The essence of the work is that commands are entered into a line using the keyboard. This control method is often used system administrators. Regular users should also know basic commands.
Launch Windows programs carried out using the console - command line. This is one of the types of text interface that has become available to many MS DOS users. Enter commands into the command line at manual mode. Many people consider the console to be an outdated management method, which is often needed by users and system specialists. The command line is a black window with a green location label and a blinking cursor. The corresponding command for the computer is entered into the specified location.
The Command Prompt is an incredibly convenient window for solving many problems. However, to interact with the console you will need knowledge of writing commands. The advantage is that they reduce the time required to complete complex actions. To do this, just enter the desired task in the line.
Commands for the command line are necessary to establish user contact with the operating system and computer. Working with the command line is an urgent need for specialists who deal with system administration. The console is a small part of what can be used as a tool to work with Windows. The command line is convenient, fast, and can be used to easily solve many issues. To work with it, you will need knowledge of teams and skills that will lead to a positive result.
CMD - there are a huge number of commands. Practice will help you remember the main ones. Using commands, you can change, edit files, create, restore partitions, configure, run, restart the computer, delete folders, copy and much more. Experts advise making a list of important commands in alphabetical order in a notepad. It's convenient and helps you quickly find your way around.
Teams for the team Windows strings start without any difficulties. Despite the graphical interface, the console has always been and is main element computer control. The basics of working with the console will be useful to the average user. To launch the command line, open the menu: “Start” - “Run”. Enter the word “Cmd” in the window that appears, press “Enter”. If the version of the operating system does not have the “Run” item, then the combination “Win + R”.
In Windows 7, right-click on “Start”, go to “Properties” - “Customize”, check the box next to “Run”. If you need to open the console as an administrator, enter the command “Cmd” in the “Start” search bar, right-click on the “Cmd” program, select “Run as administrator.” It is convenient to create a shortcut on the desktop that will open the console. Appearance Row windows can be changed according to the user's wishes (color, font, location).
Sometimes you may have problems copying and pasting text into the command line. In the case of the console, the clipboard buttons do not work. If you need to make a copy, right-click on the window, select "Mark", select the text with the left mouse button, and then right-click. To insert text or text, right-click the Paste command line window. In addition, you can work with the console using hot keys on the keyboard and the up/down arrows.
The main commands for the command line help the user to solve tasks of paramount importance in a short time.
The list of commands, which is auxiliary, is often used by system specialists to work with information located on the hard drive.
Web command line commands let you surf the Internet efficiently, fix errors, and configure settings. If you need to find out your IP address, enter the “Ipconfig” command in the console. In different variations of Internet connection, you can find out complete information about the Network. After entering, the user will receive a list network connections that are used by the computer. If the user's computer is connected to the Internet via wireless communication Wi-Fi, the main gateway will be selected to communicate with the router. The user can access its settings through a command entered into the console. If the computer is connected to local network, you can find out about the IP address through the command line with the appropriate request.
Using the “Ping” and “Tracert” commands, the user can quickly find and fix problems with the Internet and browser. The "Netstat-an" command displays network connections and ports. This is very useful program, because it displays various network statistics. The "-an" switch opens a list of available network connections, ports and IP addresses. The “Telnet” command connects to servers of the same name. If you need to obtain information about network settings, use the “Ipconfig” command. Without additional parameters, the command displays information about the IP address. If you need specific information, add the “All” command. Entering “Ipconfig/flushdns” into the line clears the cache in Windows.
Filters are command line commands that are used with the pipe redirection symbol. They are needed to sort, view and select information from other teams. Filters organize, divide, and highlight part of the information that passes through them. Among these commands are the following:
In order to send data from a file, the “L” symbol is used, and the “I” channel is used to send data to the output.
In addition to the built-in CMD, the console is used to launch ordinary programs. In order to enter it, just type the desired combination of letters in the “Run” window. If you need to view the results, it is better to use a string. “SHUTDOWN” is a command that shuts down Windows if for some reason the Start button does not work. It will be useful if the computer is performing a task that cannot be interrupted (and the user needs to leave and not leave the computer turned on for for a long time). The device will turn off correctly upon completion of work on its own. It's better than setting a timer.
Type the following command “Shutdown-s-t-1300”, press “Enter”. The numbers are the time in seconds after which the device will turn off. The command to restart the computer from the command line is as follows: "Shutdown -r". Click "Confirm" to activate. “At” command - starts the PC at the time specified by the user. This utility reads and groups jobs in the Windows operating system.
The list of commands for the console is huge. Many of them are harmless and simple, but there are special ones among them that require caution on the part of the user. Be careful! Sometimes it is necessary to completely format a disk or flash drive. The command to delete all data looks like this: “Format C”, auxiliary parameters “/fs” - determine the location file system formatting disk, “/v” - sets the volume label, “/a” - cluster size. Do not execute the formatting command if you are not sure of your actions and do not know why it is needed. The command deletes all information from the PC!
Some command line commands are designed to check disks for system errors. The "CHKDSK" command without additional parameters displays status information hard drive. If errors are found, enter an additional “/f” to correct them. Before checking the drive, lock it. If the console is full of commands, enter “c/s” into the line to clear the screen.
The system files will be checked by the “Sfc” command. With its help you can recover damaged files. The command is supplemented with the parameters “/scannow”, “/scanonce”, “/scanboot”, which check and correct system errors in files.
It is impossible to know all the commands on the line, but some of them will be useful to the user. For example, the "Assoc" command changes the association between extension and file type. If the user wants to find out detailed information about the operating system and the state of the computer, he should type “Systeminfo”. Using the editor system registry"Regent" can be changed hidden settings OS. However, if you don’t know what’s what, it’s not recommended to do this due to the risk of breaking Windows. It is easy to call the system configuration - a special service by entering "Msconfic" into the command line. If you want to learn more about the commands, write “Help” in the console line, taking into account that the operating system is the seventh or eighth version of Windows.
TO useful commands For the user, experts include network, system and filters. The "At" command consists of a whole set of commands that are used to install, reinstall, and configure the modem. It is also considered a team planner. With its help, you can change, cancel, configure tasks for remote or local computer. In the operating system Windows is better use the "SCHTASKS" utility instead of the "At" command. Its capabilities are much wider.
Why is there such chaos in the world? Yes, because the administrator of our system forgot to fulfill his duties. Or I just lost the list of cmd commands from our world. Although this is a somewhat original look at the existing order of things, it nevertheless reflects part of the truth we need: using the command line, you can easily bring order to your computer:
The command line is the simplest tool for managing your computer's operating system. Control occurs using a number of reserved commands and a set of text keyboard characters without the use of a mouse ( in the Windows operating system).
On UNIX-based systems, you can use the mouse when working with the command line.
Some commands came to us from MS-DOS. The command line is also called the console. It is used not only to administer the operating system, but also to manage regular programs. Most often, the most rarely used commands are included in this set of commands.
The advantage of using basic cmd commands is that it consumes a minimum amount of system resources. And this is important in case of emergencies, when all the power of the computer, one way or another, is involved.
cmd implements the ability to execute and create entire batch files, which represent a specific order of execution of a number of commands (scripts). Thanks to this, they can be used to automate certain tasks ( account management, data archiving and more).
The Windows command shell for manipulating and redirecting commands to certain operating system utilities and tools is the Cmd.exe interpreter. It loads the console and redirects commands in a format that the system understands.
You can call the console in Windows in several ways:
Both methods involve running the console as the current user. That is, with all the rights and restrictions that are imposed on its role in the operating system. To run cmd with administrator rights, you need to select the program icon in the Start menu and select the appropriate item in the context menu:
After running the utility you can get background information about commands and the format for writing them in the console. To do this, enter the help statement and press “Enter”:
The most frequently used commands are:
RENAME | REN [drive/path] original file/directory name | final filename
Example: RENAME C:UsershomeDesktoptost.txt test.txt
DEL | ERASE [processing method] [filename]
Example: Del C:UsershomeDesktoptest.txt/P
By processing method we mean a special flag that allows you to implement a certain condition when deleting a file. In our example, the “P” flag enables the display of a permission dialog for deleting each file:
More information about the possible values of the “processing method” parameter can be found in the technical documentation for the Windows operating system.
MD [drive:] [path]
Example:
MD C:UsershomeDesktoptest1test2
The example will create a subfolder test2 in the folder test1 . If one of the root folders of the path does not exist, then it will also be created:
RD | RMDIR [process_key] [drive/path]
Example:
rmdir /s C:UsershomeDesktoptest1test2
The example uses the s flag, which will cause the entire branch of directories specified in the path to be deleted. Therefore, you should not use it unnecessarily rmdir command with this processing key.
In the next section, we'll take a closer look at network cmd commands.
The command line allows you to manage not only the PC file system, but also its network capabilities. Part network commands console included a large number of operators to monitor and test the network. The most relevant of them are:
ping [-t] [-a] [-n counter] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v type] [-r counter] [-s counter] [(-j host_list | - k node_list)] [-w interval] [target_PC_name]
Example command implementation:
ping example.microsoft.com
ping –w 10000 192.168.239.132
In the last example of the cmd ping command, the request is sent to the recipient with the specified IP address. The waiting interval between packets is 10,000 (10 seconds). By default this parameter is set to 4000:
Syntax of tracer cmd command:
tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hop_number] [-j node_list] [-w interval] [target_resource_name]
Example implementation:
tracert -d -h 10 microsoft.com
The example traces the route to a specified resource. This increases the speed of the operation due to the use of the d parameter, which prevents the command from attempting to obtain permission to read IP addresses. The number of transitions (jumps) is limited to 10 using the set value of the h parameter. By default, the number of jumps is 30:
shutdown [(-l|-s|-r|-a)] [-f] [-m [\PCName]] [-t xx] [-c "messages"] [-d[u][p]: xx:yy]
Example:
shutdown /s /t 60 /f /l /m \191.162.1.53
The remote PC (m) with the specified IP address (191.162.1.53) will shut down (s) after 60 seconds (t). This will force you to log out of all applications (f) and the current user's session (l).
The command line (command line, console, terminal) in the Windows operating system is designed to work with the system in text mode. The software shell serves to connect the user with the operating system by entering text commands from the computer keyboard.
Working with the command line proceeds as follows: the user launches the cmd.exe application on the computer, the command line interface window (command line interpreter) opens, then the user enters a command or sets of commands from the keyboard, the system executes them, sometimes issues requests or messages displayed in command line interface window.
To perform various tasks on the computer: launching programs, setting up the system, making changes Windows settings etc., you need to enter certain commands for the command line.
At the dawn of creation operating systems, did not have an OS GUI, all actions were performed using commands typed on the keyboard. After the appearance of the graphical interface, the command line did not disappear from the system.
Most users, sooner or later, come across the command line; other users are not even aware of its existence.
The advantage of the command line is that the command line is independent of the operating system GUI. The user enters commands in the command prompt window, and the system immediately executes them. In some cases, this process is faster than similar steps using the Windows GUI.
The command line is often used when problems occur on the computer, when it is impossible to perform work to correct system failures in any other way.
Beginner users find it difficult to work with the command line due to the fact that they do not know the commands. Therefore, the command line is more often used experienced users and administrators.
This article provides a list of command line commands. The table contains the main command line commands that work in the operating systems Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7.
In Windows 10, finding the command line is not immediately obvious, so read the article about in different ways launch the console in this OS.
The Windows operating system has several ways to launch the command line, here are the simplest:
In normal mode, the command line is launched as a user. To perform some actions on the command line, elevated computer Administrator rights are required. In this case, the command line must be run as an administrator. Read the article about different versions Windows operating system.
The command line is very simple: the user enters a text command and then presses the Enter key. If you need to enter several consecutive commands, repeat this operation several times.
After launching the command line, the command line interpreter window displays the version of the Windows operating system and the location where the user is currently located. When started in normal mode, this is the address of the user profile on the system drive.
When running Command Prompt as an administrator, the path looks like this: “C:\Windows\system32”.
Windows command line commands must be entered in the interpreter window immediately after the “>” sign; the cursor blinks at this point.
To copy a command from your computer and then paste the command into the command line, use context menu right mouse button. Copy the command to the clipboard, paste the mouse cursor into the command line window, and right-click. Windows 10 supports copying and pasting using standard keys keyboards: "Ctrl" + "C" and "Ctrl" + "V".
Some system applications are launched immediately after entering a command, which consists of the name of the application, for example, if you enter the command “calc”, then it will start on the computer system program Calculator.
For other programs you will need to enter the full path to executable file applications. If there are spaces in the path to the file, the full path is enclosed in quotes, for example, this is what the command to run looks like Google browser Chrome:
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"
After running a command from the command line, the implementation of the command is not always externally noticeable due to the fact that internal changes occur in the operating system.
Other parameters and keys for performing specific actions are often added to the main command.
If you enter an incorrect command, such as a misspelled command, or if the Windows operating system cannot execute the command for some reason, a message will appear in the Command Line Interface window.
The user can independently learn the basic commands from the Command Line utility itself. To do this, just enter the command: “help”.
The command line interface will display a list of basic commands.
To get information about the parameters of a specific command, you need to enter one of the following commands, which are executed in the same way (remember to include a space):
Command_name /? help command_name
As a result, you will receive information about all parameters of this command.
Review the table that lists the commands used in the Windows Command Prompt. If I missed any important command, write about it in the comment to this article, I am adding the command to the table.
| Team | Action to be performed |
|---|---|
| appwiz.cpl | launch system tool to change or remove programs |
| arp | display and change ARP tables for converting IP addresses to physical ones used by the Address Resolution Protocol |
| assoc | displaying or changing mappings based on filename extensions |
| at | launch programs at specified times |
| attrib | display and change file attributes |
| azman.msc | authorization manager |
| bcdboot | Boot Configuration Data File Creation and Recovery Tool |
| bcdedit | editing changes to the system's boot database |
| break | changing the processing mode of the key combination “Ctrl” + “C” |
| blastcln | worm cleaning utility |
| bootcfg | setting, retrieving, changing, or removing command line options in the Boot.ini file in Windows XP |
| call | calling one batch file from another |
| cacls | viewing and editing changing access control tables (ACLs) to files |
| calc | launching the Calculator application |
| CD | displaying the name or changing the current folder |
| charmap | symbol table |
| chcp | displaying or changing the active code page |
| chdir | display or change the current folder |
| copy | copying one or more files |
| chkdsk | checking the disk for errors and displaying statistics |
| chkntfs | display or change disk check options during boot |
| ciddaemon | file indexing service |
| cipher | encryption of files and folders in NTFS |
| cleanmgr | Disk Cleanup utility |
| cls | clearing the screen |
| cmd | launching another Windows command line interpreter |
| compmgmt.msc | opening the Computer Management console |
| color | setting default foreground and background colors |
| comexp.msc | component services |
| comp | comparing the contents of two files or two sets of files |
| compact | viewing and changing file compression settings on NTFS partitions |
| compmgmt.msc | Computer management |
| computer defaults | selecting default apps |
| control | Control Panel |
| control admintools | administration |
| control desktop | screen customization and personalization |
| control folder | folder properties in Explorer options |
| control fonts | fonts |
| control keyboard | opening the keyboard properties window |
| control mouse | mouse properties |
| control printer | devices and printers |
| control schedules | Task Scheduler |
| control userpasswords2 | |
| convert | converting the volume file system from FAT to NTFS (does not work on the current disk) |
| copy | copying files to another location |
| credwiz | archiving and recovery of usernames and passwords |
| date | display or set the current date |
| debug | program debugging and editing tool |
| defrag | start disk defragmentation |
| del | deleting one or more files |
| desk.cpl | setting screen resolution |
| device pairing wizard | adding a new device |
| devmgmt.ms | device Manager |
| dfrgui | disk optimization (defragmentation) |
| dir | display a list of files and subfolders from a specified folder |
| diskmgmt.ms | opening the Disk Management snap-in |
| diskpart | displaying and setting disk partition properties |
| diskperf | enable or disable the performance counter |
| dokey | command line editing, call again Windows commands, creating macros |
| dpiscaling | adjusting display settings |
| dxdiag | DirectX Diagnostic Tool |
| echo | displaying messages and switching the mode of displaying commands on the screen |
| endlocal | completing local environment changes for a batch file |
| erase | deleting one or more files (overwriting) |
| esentutl | database maintenance utilities Microsoft Windows |
| eudcedit | personal sign editor |
| eventcreate | creates a special event entry in the specified event log |
| eventvwr.msc | event viewer |
| expand | unpacking compressed files |
| explorer | Windows Explorer |
| fc | comparing files or sets of files, displaying differences between them |
| find | search for a text string in one or more files |
| findstr | searching for a text string in a file |
| finger | information about the users of the specified system running the Finger service |
| firewall.cpl | Windows Defender Firewall |
| for | run the specified command for each file in the set |
| format | disk formatting |
| fsmgmt.msc | shared folders |
| fsquirt | transfer files via Bluetooth |
| fsutil | displaying and setting file system properties |
| ftype | output or change file types when matching filenames |
| ftp | file sharing via FTP |
| goto | passing control to the specified line of the batch file |
| getmac | displaying MAC addresses of one or more network adapters |
| gpresult | Information about group policy for computer or user |
| graftabl | display extended character set in Windows graphical mode |
| gpedit.msc | Local Group Policy Editor |
| gpupdate | updating multiple group policy settings |
| hdwwiz | hardware installation wizard |
| icacls | display, modify, archive, restore ACLs for files and directories |
| iexpress | creating a self-extracting archive |
| if | conditional processing in package programs(files) |
| ipconfig | IP address information |
| joy.cpl | gaming devices |
| label | creating, changing and deleting volume labels for disks |
| lodctr | updating registry settings related to counter performance |
| logman | Manage the Alerts and Performance Logs service |
| logoff | end session |
| lpksetup | installing or removing Windows interface languages |
| lusrmgr.msc | local users and groups |
| magnify | launching the Magnifier application |
| main.cpl | mouse properties |
| makecab | archiving files into CAB archive |
| md | creating a directory (folder) |
| mdsched | checker random access memory for mistakes |
| mkdir | create a directory (folder) |
| mmsys.cpl | properties of sound |
| mode | configuration of system devices |
| mofcomp | 32-bit compiler |
| more | sequential data output in parts the size of one screen |
| mountvol | creating, viewing and deleting connection points |
| move | moving one or more files from one folder to another |
| mrinfo | working with multicast messages |
| mrt | launching the uninstaller malware Malicious Software Removal Tool |
| msconfig | system configuration |
| msg | sending messages to the user |
| msinfo32 | system information |
| mspaint | launch graphic editor Paint |
| msra | Windows Remote Assistance |
| net | network resource management |
| ncpa.cpl | network connections |
| netstat | displaying protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections |
| netplwiz | user account management |
| notepad | launching Notepad |
| odbcconf | ODBC driver setup |
| openfiles | list output open files and folders open in the system |
| optional features | enable or disable Windows components |
| osk | launch on-screen keyboard |
| path | output or set search path for executable files |
| pause | pause batch file execution, display message |
| perfmon | system monitor |
| resmon | resource monitor |
| popd | restoring the previous value of the current folder saved by the pushd command |
| prompt | changing the Windows command line |
| pushd | saving the current directory and then changing the directory |
| ping | sending packages to the specified address |
| powercfg | managing system power parameters |
| printing a text file | |
| qprocess | displaying information about processes |
| qwinsta | display information about Remote Desktop Services sessions |
| rd | deleting a directory |
| recover | recovery of saved data on a damaged disk |
| recdisc | creating a Windows recovery disc |
| reg | command for working with the registry |
| regedit | Registry Editor |
| rem | placing a comment in a batch file or in the config.sys file |
| ren | |
| rename | renaming files and folders |
| rmdir | deleting a directory |
| replace | replacing files |
| rstrui | restoring Windows from system restore points |
| runas | to use applications on behalf of another user |
| rwinsta | resetting the values of equipment subsystems and session programs to their initial state |
| secpol.msc | local security policy |
| services.msc | services |
| set | displaying, setting and removing Windows environment variables |
| setlocal | starting local environment changes in a batch file |
| sc | displaying and configuring services (background processes) |
| sfc | checking the integrity of all protected system files and replacing the wrong ones |
| sigverif | file signature verification |
| shift | changing the contents of overridden parameters for a batch file |
| slui | Windows activation |
| sndvol | volume mixer |
| start | launch the specified program or commands in a separate window |
| schtasks | launching programs and executing commands on a PC according to a schedule |
| sdbinst | compatibility database installer |
| sort | sorting program |
| subst | mapping the drive name to the specified path |
| sysdm.cpl | properties of the system |
| systeminfo | operating system configuration information |
| taskkill | force termination of a process or application |
| tasklist | display of all tasks performed in this moment, including services |
| taskmgr | Task Manager |
| tcmsetup | installing a telephony client |
| time | viewing and changing the current time |
| timedate.cpl | setting time and date |
| title | assigning the title of the current command line interpreter window |
| tracert | trace the route to a specified node |
| tree | graphical display of the structure of a given disk or folder |
| tscon | attaching a user session to a remote desktop session |
| tsdiscon | disconnecting a Remote Desktop Services session |
| tskill | termination of the process |
| type | content output text files |
| typeperf | display performance information on screen or in a log |
| utilman | accessibility center |
| ver | display information about Windows versions |
| verifier | Driver Verifier Manager |
| verify | setting Windows to check whether files are written to disk correctly |
| vol | displaying the volume label and serial number for the disk |
| vssadmin | command line program for administering Volume Shadow Copy Service |
| w32tm | show current settings for time zone display |
| winver | Windows version information on screen |
| wmic | information about WMI in the interactive shell |
| write | WordPad text editor |
| wscui.cpl | security and service center |
| wusa | offline update installer |
| xcopy | copying files and folder trees |
The command line in the Windows operating system allows the user to control the computer without using a graphical interface. To perform certain actions on a PC, you need to enter special commands into the command line interpreter. This article contains a table with a list of the most popular commands for the Windows command line.
Read how to check the integrity of system files using the command line, find an IP address by domain name, create a termination shortcut Windows operation, troubleshoot network connection problems and much more. There are some functions in Windows that you can only run from the Command Prompt. Several of them do not have a GUI, while others that run this way simply run faster.
It doesn't matter whether you use PowerShell as a command line add-in or not, all the commands we'll cover in this article work the same everywhere. Obviously, we will not be able to cover all teams and talk about each one. Instead, we'll focus on the ones we think will be most useful. Even if you don't like working with the command line.
Content:
Now let's move on to the commands.
You will be able to find your IP address and all your network settings from the Control Panel, but it will require a few clicks. "ipconfig" is a Windows command line utility for managing computer network interfaces. That is, the most fast way find out information such as: IP addresses, the address of the main gateway, information about the network connections that your computer uses, etc.
To use this utility, simply enter "ipconfig" on the command line and press "Enter". As a result, you will see a list of all the network connections that your computer is using. Look below the inscriptions "wireless LAN adapter" if you are connected to Wi-Fi, or "Ethernet Adapter" if you are connected to a wired network. For more information about "ipconfig" type the command "ipconfig /all", the result will be a list of all keys, and, accordingly, the capabilities of the utility.
If you changed the DNS server in the network settings, this action will not take effect immediately. Windows uses a cache that stores received DNS responses, this saves time when accessing the same network resources in future. To have Windows obtain addresses from new DNS servers, enter the command "ipconfig /flushdns" after changing your DNS server.
When you constantly surf the Internet, your computer automatically caches IP addresses and other necessary data from the domain name service. Flushing the DNS cache helps refresh this data. Stale cached data can, over time, cause connection problems.
If you have problems connecting to a local network, the Internet, or any website, then Windows has standard tools that you can use to solve them.
"ping" is a utility for checking the integrity of networks and the quality of connections in them based on the TCP/IP protocol. The utility sends so-called ICMP requests to a specified IP address or host on the network, and monitors the responses received from them. The time between sending such a request and receiving a response to it allows us to determine the delay of packets along the route, as well as the number and frequency of their loss. That is "Ping" allows you to determine how heavily loaded the data transmission channel is.
Enter "ping site"(or any other server on the Internet you want to test) and Windows will send packets to that address. You can enter the server name, or the actual IP address of the resource. The server at that IP address will respond and say that it has received them. You will be able to see if there was any packet loss along the route and how long it took to receive a response.
Also, team "ping" has many keys and information display capabilities, such as: checking connection with the specified IP address before manual termination, decoding host names by IP addresses, number and size of packets, recording route, changing time, etc.
"tracert" is a utility utility designed to track data routes on TCP/IP networks. When entering the command "tracert", the complete delivery route of the package is displayed, with information about each server through which it was routed. For example, if you enter "tracert site", then get information about each node along the path to our server with which the package interacts. If you are having problems connecting to a website, the utility "tracert" will determine at what stage the error occurred.
Team "shutdown" Allows you to shut down or restart Windows from the command line. Basically, this is more useful for Windows 8, where the standard button "Shutdown" was harder to find. This command can be used to create your own shortcuts: "Shutdown", , "Sleep mode" etc. And place them where it is convenient for you: in the menu "Start", on the desktop, on the taskbar..!
In Windows 8 and 10, you can use the dedicated computer restart button to special options OS loading. .
To use the command on the command line, simply enter one of the following values (all command parameters are entered using a backslash):
"sfc" is a standard utility for checking the integrity of Windows system files. It allows the user to find and restore missing system files. If, for some reason, the files are missing or damaged, the utility will scan them all and replace the erroneous versions of the files with the original versions. System File Checker also checks the cache directory and updates its contents if necessary.
To scan, you must run the command line as an administrator, enter the command "sfc /scannow" and let the program do its job. .
Protocol client "telnet" It is not installed by default in Windows OS. But this is one of hers additional functions, which you can install through the control panel. After installation you will be able to use the command "telnet" to connect to servers without installing additional software, directly from the command line.
Just go "Start" – "Control Panel" – "Programs and Features"– next click "Turn Windows features on or off"- find and tick "Telnet Client".
Team "cipher" provides efficient encryption and decryption functions for files and directories in Windows OS. It also has an option that will overwrite free space with junk data. disk space. It won't restore deleted files and folders using specialized software. In OS Windows files deleted in the usual way remain on disk unless you use solid state drive with Trim function. Team "cipher" allows you to effectively "erase" all free disk space without installing additional software.
For example: to clear disk space on the F: drive, enter the command "cipher /w:F:\". Note that there is no space between the command switch (/w:) and the drive letter (F:\).
"netstat" is a standard Windows command line utility that displays the status of incoming and outgoing TCP connections. The main purpose of the utility is to search for problems in the network and determine its performance. The command has many keys and options, but the most interesting is "netstat –an". This line will display a list of all open network connections, along with the ports they are using and the external IP address they are connected to.
When you enter the name of a website in address bar browser, then your computer finds the IP address associated with that domain name and gives the result. You can use the command "nslookup" to independently find out the IP addresses and names of the servers on which the domain is located.
For example, on the command line, type "nslookup --type=any site"(parameter -type=any means to display all available data). And you will see all the information about our server. You can also perform a reverse search, that is, find out the name of the server by IP address.
This is not a complete list of all the commands that you may need. We have provided an introduction to ten useful command line utilities in Windows and hope that you will find them easy to use in the future.
Save yourself so you don't lose!
How to control a computer without a mouse? To do this, you can launch the Windows cmd command line using the win r key combination, and then type cmd in the console that appears and press Enter.
A command line window has opened. Through it, you can turn off the computer, create/delete folders, set program launch schedules, make programs system programs, change file extensions, start and stop applications, and much more.
Thus, if you want a number of cmd commands to be executed automatically on your computer, you can write them down in notepad and save them with the extension. bat.
An example of a simple program:
@Echo off.
Color 0a.
Chcp 1251.
Echo.
Reboot your computer.
Pause.
Shutdown/r.
This program restarts the computer and requires you to press any key to do this. To stop the execution of the program, you just need to close the window that appears.
Similar bat files (batch files) are often used to write computer viruses, which, by the way, do not notice antivirus programs(in most cases. And for secrecy they are translated into .exe format.
You can read more about the cmd commands below (or you can just write Help on the command line.
A.
Append - Allows programs to open files in specified directories as if they were in the current directory.
arp - displays and changes IP-to-physical address conversion tables used by the address resolution protocol.
Assoc - display or change associations based on file name extensions.
at - the command is designed to launch programs at a specified time.
Atmsdm - monitors connections and addresses registered by the ATM call manager on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks.
Attrib - change the attributes of files and folders.
Auditusr - sets the user audit policy.
B.
Break - turn on the Ctrl C key processing mode.
Bootcfg - This command line program can be used to configure, retrieve, change or remove command line options in the Boot file. ini.
C.
Cacls - view changes to ACL access control tables for files.
Call - calling one batch file from another.
cd - display the name or change the current folder.
Chcp - output or change the active code page.
Chdir - output or change the current folder.
Chkdsk - disk check and report output.
Chkntfs - Displays or changes disk check parameters during boot.
Ciddaemon is a file indexing service.
Cipher is a file encryption program.
cls - clear interpreter screen.
cmd - launches a new command line window.
Cmstp - installing connection manager profiles.
Color - Sets the color for text and background in text boxes.
Comp - compares the contents of two files or sets of files.
Compact - view and change file compression settings in Ntfs partitions.
Convert - converts the FAT volume file system to Ntfs.
Copy - copy one or more files.
D.
Date - display or set the current date.
Debug is a tool for debugging and editing programs.
Defrag - disk defragmentation.
del - delete one or more files.
Devcon is a device manager alternative.
Diantz is the same as Makecab.
dir - displays a list of files and subfolders from the specified directory.
Diskcomp - compares the contents of two floppy disks.
Diskcopy - copying the contents of one floppy disk to another.
Diskpart - use the Diskpart script.
Diskperf - disk performance counter.
Doskey - editing and re-calling Windows commands; creating Dokey macros.
Driverquery - list view installed drivers devices and their properties.
E.
Echo - display messages and switch the mode of displaying commands on the screen.
Edit - start the MS - DOS editor.
Endlocal - end localization of environment changes in a batch file.
Edlin - launches a line-by-line text editor.
Erase - delete one or more files.
Esentutl is a maintenance utility for Microsoft(R) Windows databases.
Eventcreate - This command allows the administrator to create a special event entry in the specified event log.
Eventtriggers - This command allows the administrator to display and configure event triggers on a local or remote system.
Exe2bin - Convert EXE files to binary format.
Exit - end the command line.
Expand - unpacks compressed files.
F.
fc - compares two files or two sets of files and prints the differences between them.
Find - search for a text string in one or more files.
Findstr - search for strings in files.
Finger - displays information about users of the specified system.
Fltmc - work with driver load filter.
for - execute the specified command for each file in the set.
Forcedos - comparison of MS - DOS applications that are not recognized by Microsoft Windows XP.
Format - formatting the disk for working with Windows.
Fontview is a font viewer.
Fsutil - Manage reparse points, manage sparse files, unmount a volume, or extend a volume.
ftp is a file transfer program.
Ftype - View and change file types associated with filename extensions.
G.
Getmac - displays the MAC address of one or more computer network adapters.
Goto - transfers control to the line containing the label in the batch file.
Gpresult - Displays the resulting policy (Rsop) for the specified user and computer.
Gpupdate - performing group policy updates.
Graftabl - select a code page for displaying symbols of national alphabets in graphical mode.
H.
Help - displays a partial list of commands that are used in cmd.
Hostname - displays the computer name.
I.
if - statement conditional execution commands in a batch file.
Ipconfig - displays the subnet mask, default gateway and information about your IP.
Ipxroute is a Nwlink IPX routing management program.
L.
Label - create, change and delete volume labels for a disk.
Lodctr - updating counter names and explanatory text for an extended counter.
Logman - Schedule management for performance counters and event trace log.
Logoff - ending a Windows session.
lpq - displays the queue status of the remote print queue lpq.
lpr - sends a print job to a network printer.
Lsass is a local security definition server.
M.
Makecab - archiving files in cab - archive.
md - create a folder.
mem - displays information about used and free memory.
Mkdir - creating a folder with extended functionality.
mmc - opens the MMC console window.
Mode - debugging system devices.
Mofcomp - 32-bit. Microsoft (R) MOF compiler.
More - sequential output of data in parts the size of one screen.
Mountvol - view, create and delete volume mount points.
Move - moving and renaming files and directories.
Mqbkup is a utility for archiving and restoring a message queue.
Mqsvc - provides an infrastructure for running distributed applications.
msg - send messages to the user.
Msiexec - launch Windows installer.
N.
Nbtstat - displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT (Netbios over TCP/IP.
net is an application package designed to work with the network.
Net1 is the same as net.
Netsh - local or remote display and change of network parameters.
Netstat - displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections.
Nslookup - displays information intended for DNS diagnostics.
Ntbackup - launches the archiving wizard.
Ntsd is a command line debugger.
O.
Odbcconf - setting up the Odbc driver.
Openfiles - This command allows the user to list open files and folders that have been opened on the system.
P.
Pagefileconfig - setting up paging files and virtual memory.
Path - output or set the search path for executable files.
Pathping - displaying information about hidden networks and data loss.
Pause - pauses the execution of the cmd script.
Pentnt - Detects Pentium processor floating point division errors, disables hardware floating point processing, and enables floating point emulations.
Perfmon - opens the "Performance" window.
Ping - checks the connection with another computer.
Ping6 - communication test command.
Popd - changes one folder to the one that was saved by the Pushd command.
Powercfg - this command allows you to control the power supply of the system.
Print - print a text file.
Prncnfg - setting printer parameters.
Prompt - change the command prompt cmd lines. exe.
Proxycfg is a Proxy connection configuration tool.
Pushd - saves the values of the current directory for use by the Popd command.
Q.
Qappsrv - displays available servers terminals on the network.
Qprocess - displays information about processes.
Qwinsta - displays information about terminal sessions.
R.
Rasdial is a command line communication interface for the remote access service client.
rcp - exchange files with a computer running the RCP service.
Recover - recovery of saved data on a damaged disk.
reg - editing the system registry via the command line.
Regsvr32 - registration server.
Relog - creates a new performance log from an existing one.
rem - placing a comment in a batch file.
ren - rename files and folders.
Rename - renaming files and folders.
Replace - replacing files.
Reset is a terminal services reset utility.
Rexec - execution of commands on remote nodes running the Rexec service.
rd - delete a folder.
Rmdir - deleting a folder.
Route - processing of network route tables.
rsh - execute commands on remote nodes running the RSH service.
rsm - media resource management using the Removable Storage service.
Runas - using applications on behalf of another user.
Rundll32 - launching standard commands - functions embedded in the dll.
Rwinsta - reset the values of equipment subsystems and session programs to their initial state.
S.
sc - establishing a connection with NT Service Controller and its services.
Schtasks - create, delete, modify and poll scheduled tasks on a local or remote system.
Sdbinst is a compatibility database installer.
Secedit - automates security configuration tasks.
set - display, assign and delete variables on the command line.
Setlocal - start localizing environment changes in a batch file.
Setver - specifies the version number that MS - DOS reports to the program.
sfc - Windows file scan.
Shadow - Allows you to monitor another Terminal Services session.
Shift - changes the contents of the substituted parameters for the batch file.
Shutdown - ending the session, shutting down and rebooting the Windows system.
Smbinst is a process owned by System Management Bios Driver Installer.
Sort - sorting files.
Start - launch a program or command in a separate window.
Subst - mapping the drive name to the specified path.
Systeminfo - displays information about system settings.
T.
Taskkill - termination of one or more processes.
Tasklist - shows running programs and processes currently running.
Tcmsetup - installing a telephony client.
Tftp - exchange files with a remote computer running the Tftp service.
Time - view or change the current time.
Title - assignment of the title of the interpreter window.
Tlntadmn - remote control computer.
Tracert - trace the route to the specified node.
Tracerpt - Processes event tracking log binaries or data streams.
Tracert6 is a version of Tracert for the IPv6 protocol.
Tree - displays the disk or directory structure as a tree.
Tscon - attaches a user session to a terminal session.
Tsdiscon - disable the terminal session.
Tskill - termination of the process.
Tsshutdn - shutdown the server in the prescribed manner.
Type - display the contents of text files on the screen. Typeperf - Prints performance information to the screen or to a log. U Unlodctr - removing counter names and explanatory text for an extended counter. Userinit is a Windows system explorer. V ver - displays information about the Windows version. Verify - setting the mode for checking the correctness of writing files to disk. vol - displays the label and serial number of the volume for the disk. Vssadmin is a volume shadow copy command line tool. W W32tm - time service diagnostics. Wbemtest - toolkit tester Windows management. Winver - displays information about the Windows version. Wmic is a scripting tool. X Xcopy - copying files and folder trees.
In order to start working with the command line on Windows, you first need to find it. In Windows 7 and Windows 10, this can be done in several popular ways.
Method 1. Press the key combination on the keyboard “Win” “R” 
and in the Run window write the cmd command 
After which the Windows command line will be launched.
Method 2. In Start, write the command CMD or “command line” and select the program icon.
If you need to run as administrator, right-click on the cmd file and select “Run as administrator.” 
These commands cmd file may be useful to many personal computer users:
ASSOC Print or modify mappings based on file name extensions.
ATTRIB View and modify file properties.
BREAK Locks or unlocks enhanced CTRL+C processing in DOS.
BCDEDIT Sets properties in the boot database that allows you to control the initial boot.
CACLS Lists data and modifies access control lists (ACLs) on files.
CALL Calls one batch file from another, and can also pass input arguments.
CD Displays the title or moves to another folder.
CHCP Output or set the encoding.
CHDIR Displays the name or moves to another folder.
CHKDSK Diagnoses the drive for errors.
CHKNTFS Shows or changes drive diagnostics during boot.
CLSO clears the display of all characters.
CMD Launches a Windows command line program. You can run an infinite number of them on one computer. They will work independently of each other.
COLOR Changes and sets the main background of the window and the fonts themselves.
COMP Shows differences and compares the contents of two files.
COMPACT Changes and displays file compression in NTFS.
CONVERT Converts FAT disk volumes to NTFS. The current drive cannot be changed.
COPY Creates a copy of a file or files and places them in the specified location.
DATE Shows or sets the current date.
DEL Destroys one or more files at once.
DIR Shows the names of files and folders with their creation date located in the current folder or specified in the folder settings.
DISKCOMP Compares and shows the differences between 2 floppy drives.
DISKCOPY Copies the contents of one floppy drive to another.
DISKPART Shows and changes the properties of a disk partition.
DOSKEY Modifies and re-invokes command lines; creates macros.
DRIVERQUERY Displays information about the status and attributes of a device driver.
ECHO Displays text information and changes the command display mode on the screen.
ENDLOCAL Ends environment localization for a batch file.
ERASE Destroys a file or files.
EXIT Terminates the command line program
FC Shows the differences between two files or two sets of files and compares them
FIND Searches for a text string in files or in a single file.
FINDSTR Advanced search for text strings in files.
FOR Loop. Repeats execution of the same command a specified number of times
FORMAT Formats the drive for use with Windows.
FSUTIL Shows and sets file system attributes.
FTYPE Allows you to change and view file types, which are mainly used when matching by file name extensions.
GOTO Transfers control to another specified command.
GPRESULT Displays Group Policy information for a computer or user.
GRAFTABL Gives Windows feature show extended character set in graphical mode.
HELP Lists all existing Windows commands.
ICACLS Displays, modifies, archives, or restores ACLs for files and folders.
IF Executes commands based on a given condition.
LABEL Creates, modifies, and destroys volume labels for drives.
MD Creates an empty directory.
MKDIR Creates an empty directory.
MKLINK Creates symbolic and hard links
MODE Configures system devices.
MORE Sequentially displays information in blocks the size of one screen.
MOVE Moves files from one location to another.
OPENFILES Shows files that are open on shared folder remote user.
PATH Displays or sets the full path to executable files.
PAUSE Stops execution of command line commands and displays informational text.
POPD Restores the previous active folder value that was saved using the PUSHD command.
PRINT Prints the contents of a text file.
PROMPT Modifies the Windows command prompt.
PUSHD Saves the active folder value and moves to another folder.
RD Destroys the directory.
RECOVER Revives readable data from a bad or damaged hard drive.
REM Places comments in batch files and the CONFIG.SYS file.
REN Changes the name of both files and folders.
RENAME Similar to the REN command.
REPLACE Replaces files.
RMDIR Destroys a directory.
ROBOCOPY Advanced tool for copying files and entire folders
SET Shows, sets, and destroys Windows environment variables.
SETLOCAL Localizes environment changes in a batch file.
SC Allows you to work with services
SCHTASKS Allows you to run any programs and sequentially execute the necessary commands according to a given plan
SHIFT Changes the position (shift) of the substituted parameters for the batch file.
SHUTDOWN Shuts down the computer.
SORT Sorts input according to specified parameters.
START Starts a program or command in a new window.
SUBST Purpose given path drive name.
SYSTEMINFO Displays information about the operating system and configuration of the computer.
TASKLIST Shows a list of all running processes with their IDs.
TASKKILL “Kills” or stops the process.
TIME Sets and displays the system time.
TITLE Sets the title of the window for the current session of the command line interpreter CMD.EXE
TREE Displays the drive directories in a convenient visual form.
TYPE Displays the contents of text files.
VER Displays brief information about the Windows version.
VERIFY Checks for file write errors on the drive.
VOL Displays marks and serial number drive volumes.
XCOPY Creates a copy of files.
WMIC Displays WMI on the command line.
Let's look at all the options:
Press the Win+X key combination and select “Command Prompt (Administrator).”
To call the command line, hover the mouse over the search button, enter “CMD”, right-click - “Run as administrator”. 
We create a shortcut on the desktop according to the methods described in the article about the usual launch of the command line in Windows 10. Next, right-click and select “Run as administrator.” 
To execute the command line, open the Start menu - Windows Utilities- Command line, next right button Click "Advanced" - "Run as administrator". 
To open the command line in the “Task Manager”, open the “File” tab, select “Run a new task”, enter “CMD” in the window that opens, check the “Create a task with administrator rights” checkbox and click the “Ok” button. 
The advantage of this method is that the path in the “cmd” window that opens will correspond to the path to the folder. Opening the command line from the Explorer menu: “File” - “Open command line” - “Open command line as Administrator”. 
The command line, or console, is a special tool for deep customization of the Windows 8 operating system. This utility designed to work with MsDos commands. The lack of a graphical interface often frightens users, but with the help of this program you can quickly perform any operation in the system. Some actions (for example, ping checking or tracing) cannot be done at all in any other way. This article describes in detail how to call the console, and also describes the basics of working with it.
The easiest and fastest way to open the Command Prompt is using the Run dialog. This is another text-based utility that is designed to quick launch programs in Windows by entering their names. There is nothing complicated in working with the dialogue, just follow the instructions provided:
If you are using operating system version 8.1, at the bottom of the screen you will have a Start menu button, as in the “seventh” part. This menu contains search string, the functions of which are similar to the dialog described above. Use it if you find the hotkeys inconvenient.
Some actions that may affect the operation of the operating system can only be performed if you have rights Windows administrator. To do this, you need to open the console in another way:
All actions in the console are performed using text commands. To see a list of them and get help, type “Help” and press Enter. The utility will show you a list of various features that are available to the user. If you want more detailed information about any of them, type "help command_name".
The cmd line, which is a standard tool on the Windows platform, is no different in different versions of operating systems - the seventh, the eighth, the tenth, and even XP. And all teams work the same way in each of them.
The advantage of using a string is that it speeds up the work - sometimes entering the desired command is much faster than searching in system folders corresponding file. Moreover, to speed up work with CMD, a link to it can be displayed on the desktop - or even on the quick launch bar.
The disadvantages of the interface are:
Externally, the command line is very similar to the interface DOS systems. And, although it allows you to solve many more problems, some commands are the same as the outdated platform. For example, "format", "cd" and "dir", which are necessary for working with folders and disks.
